Reference ranges

Edit checks How are entered data checked against reference ranges How are entered data edited for accuracy How are error reports printed How are corrections resolved and applied to the database ... 

Computer applications allow for defining and managing several important nonclinical data types that are managed by the system itself. Such data are referred to as metadata or control data. These are information such as domain-specific descriptions, application conditions, parameters, and methods in a repository. Control data fields can be part of the data collection forms or in system-defined tables. Some of these control fields include electronic signatures, form status, transmission date, transmission number, field completed, and memo fields (large text format). The database contains tables for reference ranges, visit schedule, form schedule, labels, and drug codes. 

Validation work indudes the determination of within-batch and between-batch imprecision, linearity, sensitivity and limit of detection - which can be carried off with any suitable spedmen. However, to demonstrate the accuracy of the procedure, to investigate possible interferences and to establish reference ranges, it is necessary to analyze RMs with known concentrations, ideally using certified materials. Where none are available, accuracy may be assessed using other approaches, but these are less reliable and are more complicated to perform (Taylor 1995). 

Sutton AM, Harvie A, Cockburn F, Farquharson J, Logan RW (1985) Copper defidency in preterm infants of very low birthweight. Four cases and a reference range for plasma copper. Arch Dis Childh 60 644-651. 

The following table is an alphabetical listing of some common laboratory tests and their reference ranges for adults as measured in plasma or serum (unless otherwise indicated). Reference values differ among laboratories, so readers should refer to the published reference ranges used in each institution. For some tests, both SI units and conventional units are reported. 

Appendices useful to students and practitioners. These appendices include 1) conversion factors and anthropometries 2) common laboratory tests and their reference ranges and 3) common medical abbreviations. 

Such factors as age and race and their relevant medical significance should be used to detect PSA concentrations in the 0 to 4 ng/ml range. PSA age-related, specific-reference ranges have been reported in the literature, and it is suggested that both age and race should be considered when interpreting PSA results. The following factors should also be considered when interpreting the PSA results ... 

Earl, R. A. Establishing and using clinical laboratory reference ranges. Appl. Clin. Trials 6,24-30 (1997). 

Oesterling, J. E., Jacobson, S. J., Chute, C. G., et al. Serum prostate specific antigen in a commonly-based population of healthy men. Establishment of age-specific reference ranges. JAMA 270,860-864 (1993). 

Fluid Reference Range of NRe and/or eB where applicable Correlation Equation number... 

A case in which cyanide concentration is higher than the normal reference range (0.02-0.05 /U.g/mL) in whole blood, or cyanide is detected in environmental samples. The case can be confirmed if laboratory testing is not performed because either a predominant... 

The calcium value is only slightly raised hut the PTH concentration, although within the stated reference range, is inappropriately high for the stated calcium concentration. Normally, PTH and calcium concentrations are inversely related. A diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism was subsequently confirmed. The role of PTH is to raise plasma calcium concentration, partly, by enhancing osteoclast activity. 

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