Synthesis domain-specific tools

In contrast to these generic tools, the second group of domain-specific software tools addresses certain tasks during the design process in the chemical engineering domain. They can roughly be classified as data retrieval, synthesis, and analysis tools. A typical example for data retrieval tools are physical property systems [1048, 1053[. Synthesis tools include flowsheet synthesis [951, 1039], plant layout and pipe routing [955], model development ]54, 558] or even solvent selection [7.37]. The most prominent examples of analysis tools are process simulators for steady-state ]518, 556, 1046] and dynamic simulation ]288, 518, 916]. 

Domain-specific synthesis tools which fully exploit the characteristics of the target architecture style and the corresponding application domain. The tools will frequently differ for the alternative target styles. For instance, a scheduler that is efficient for one style may be unsuitable or inefficient for another. 

In many cases, small molecules are found for a TF of interest through assays developed with known protein partners. Structures of the interacting protein domains also have been invaluable for drug discovery. For several important TFs, however, the specific cellular partners with which they interact are unknown. In this case, using small molecule screens on solid supports is an extremely useful tool for dmg discovery. In one such screen, diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS (129) was used to identify a small molecule binder of Hap3p, a yeast protein... 

The synthesis of heterocycles via intramolecular Mizoroki-Heck reaction is still an expanding field of current research due to the signiflcant importance of heterocycles, thereby engendering the need for reliable, specific and high-yielding preparation methods. The Mizoroki-Heck reaction is one of the chemist s synthetic tools matching best these criteria and has only begun to reveal its full synthetic potential in this specific domain. 

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