Niacin Dietary Reference Intakes

Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin Bg, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline. Washington National Academy, 1998. 

National Academy of Sciences Food and Nutrition Board, Dietary reference intakes for thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, biotin and choline. National Academy Press, Washington D.C., 1998, pp. 309 22. 

Dietary Reference Intakes. Many of the DRI units are milligram niacin equivalents (mg NE). These units take into account the fact that approximately 60 mg tryptophan produce 1 mg of niacin. For adult males, the RDA is between 960 mg of tryptophan and 16 mg of niacin, given that 960 mg of tryptophan is equivalent to 16 mg of niacin (56, 57). 

Information for this table is from Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin Bq, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (1998) Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids (2000) Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride (1997), Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc (2001). Washington, DC Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine, National Academy Press. 

Sources Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorous, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride (1997) Dietary Reference Intakes for Thieunin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin Be,... 

Sources Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorous, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Huoride (1997) Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin 85, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (1998) EHetary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids (2000) Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc (2001) Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate (2005) and EHetary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D (2011). These reports may be accessed via www.nap.edu A Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) is the highest level of daily nutrient intake that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the general population. Unless otherwise specified, the UL represents total intake from food, water, and supplements. Due to a lack of suitable data, ULs could not be established for vitamin K, thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, biotin, and carotenoids. In the absence of a UL, extra caution may be warranted in consuming levels above recommended intakes. Members of the general population should be advised not to routinely exceed the UL. The UL is not meant to ply to individuals who are treated with the nutrient under medical supervision or to individuals with predisposing conditions that modify their sensitivity to the nutrient... 

Sources Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine Dietary Reference Intakes for calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D and fluoride, 1997 Dietary reference intakes for thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B, folate, vitamin Bj, pantothenic acid, biotin and choline, 1998 Dietary reference intakes for vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium and carotenoids, 2000 Dietary Reference Intakes for vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenc, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium and zinc, 2001, National Academy Press Washington, DC. 

From Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences USA (1998) Dietary reference intakes for folate, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B a, panthothenic acid, biotin, and choline, vol. 1. Washington DC National Academy Press. 

The depletion/repletion studies of Horwitt et al. (1956) and others have suggested, on the basis of restoration of urinary excretion of -methyl nicotinamide, that the average niacin requirement is 5.5 mg per 1,000 kcal (1.3 mg per MJ). Allowing for individual variation, reference intakes (see Table 8.2) are set at 6.6 mg niacin equivalents (preformed niacin - -1 /60 of the dietary tryptophan) per 1,000 kcal (1.6 mgper MJ). Even when energy intakes are very low, it must be assumed that energy expenditure will not fall below 2,000 kcal, and this is the basis for the calculation of reference intakes for subjects with low energy intakes. 

The average content of niacin in human breast milk is 8 mg (65.6 pmol) per 1000 kcal (4200 kJ), and this is the basis for the recommendations (and dietary reference values) for infants up to 6 months. In the UK, the Reference Nutrient Intake niacin increment during pregnancy is nil, and during lactation it is 2 mg per day. 

There is probably little or no requirement for any preformed niacin in the diet, because it is likely that average intakes of protein (at least in developed countries) wUl provide enough tryptophan to meet requirements (Section 8.3). Assuming that the average diet provides some 15% of energy from protein, and this protein meets the reference pattern for essential amino acids and provides 14 g of tryptophan per kg of dietary protein, this implies an intake of... 

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