Estimated safe and adequate daily dietary intake ESADDI

No MRLs were derived for oral exposure to chromium(VI) or chromium(III). The available data on reproductive and developmental effects are insufficient or too contradictory to establish acute-, intermediate-, or chronic-duration oral NOAELs or LOAELs which are both used in the uncertainty factor approach to derive MRL values. However, the upper range of the estimated safe and adequate daily dietary intake (ESADDI) of 200 pg chromium/day (0.003 mg/kg/day for a 70 kg individual) (NRC 1989) has been adopted as provisional guidance for oral exposure to chromium(VI) and chromium(in). This guidance is necessary because of the prevalence of chromium at hazardous waste sites, the fairly complete database, and the fact that chromium is an essential nutrient. 

Chromium(III) is an essential nutrient required for maintaining normal glucose metabolism. The NRC established estimated safe and adequate daily dietary intakes (ESADDIs) of 10-80 pg/day for children aged 1-3 years 30-120 pg/day for children aged 4-6 years, and 50-200 pg/day for children aged 7 years or older (NRC 1989). These recommendations were derived by extrapolating the adult ESADDI value of 50-200 pg/day on the basis of expected food intake. 

The estimated safe and adequate daily dietary intake (ESADDI) for adults is 1.5-3.0 mg. Meats, cocoa, nuts, legumes, and whole grains provide significant amounts of copper. The accompanying table shows the amoimt of copper in some common foods. 

In some cases the RDA of a mineral or a vitamin cannot be determined owing to insufficient information. In those cases the Food and Nutrition Board expresses the suggested daily dose as the estimated safe and adequate daily dietary intake (ESADDI). 

The estimated safe and adequate daily dietary intake (ESADDI) for vitamin K is 70-140 (jLg/day. This is easily obtained in the diet by eating leafy vegetables. In addition, vitamin K is manufactured by our normal intestinal bacteria. It is extremely rare for adults to suffer from vitamin K deficiency, but it is observed in some individuals on antibiotic therapy or with fat absorption problems. However, newborns frequently suffer from vitamin K deficiency because they lack intestinal bacteria. They are often administered injections of vitamin K to prevent excessive bleeding in the early days of their lives. 

The estimated safe and adequate daily dietary intake (ESADDI) for biotin is 0.30 mg, and in a normal diet, biotin deficiency is almost imknown. However, when it does occur, the symptoms include dermatitis (scaling and hardening of the skin), loss of appetite and nausea, muscle pain, and elevated levels of blood cholesterol. 

The estimated safe and adequate daily dietary intake (ESADDI) for biotin is... 

---