Aluminum dietary intake

One study suggested a possible link of aluminum in public water supplies with the occurrence of Alzheimer disease in 88 county districts of England and Wales. In districts in which the mean aluminum concentration in water exceeded O.llmg/1, rates were 1.5 times higher than in districts in which the mean levels were less than 0.01 mg/1. The results have been challenged on the basis of study design and on the interpretation of the relative significance of the dose of aluminum from water as a fraction of total dietary intake."... 

Patients should receive supplemental calcium and vitamin D if dietary intake is inadequate. Take calcium supplements and calcium- aluminum- and magnesium-containing agents at a different time of the day to prevent interference with risedronate absorption. 

Many of the animal neurotoxicity studies are complicated by a lack of reported information on aluminum content in the base diet. This is an important issue because, as discussed in the introduction to Section 2.2.2, commercial rodent laboratory feed has a high aluminum content which can significantly contribute to total exposure. Dosages in studies with insufficient information on aluminum content in the base diet therefore must be assumed to underestimate the actual experimental dosages. The magnitude of the underestimate may be considerable, particularly for maternal dietary intake during lactation (an exposure period used in many neurobehavioral studies of aluminum in mice), which can be markedly... 

As with adults, aluminum intake from aluminum-containing medication, such as antacids, buffered aspirins, and antidiarrheal agents would overwhelm ordinary dietary intakes (Pennington and Schoen 1995). Children may also be exposed to aluminum from vaccinations, parenteral feeding of premature infants, dialysis fluids, and treatment for hyperphosphatemia. 

Naylor GJ, Sheperd B, Treliving L, et al. 1990. Tissue aluminum concentrations stability over time, relationship to age, and dietary intake. Biol Psychiatry 27 884-890. 

Roberts NB, Clough A, Bellia JP, et al. 1998. Increased absorption of aluminum from a normal dietary intake in dementia. J Inorg Biochem 69 171-176. 

Dietary phtxsphate deficiency is relatively rare because the phosphate content in plant and animal foods is well above the requirement and b ause of the efficient absorption of phosphate (50-90%). Phosphate deficiency can occur in a number of situations. It can occur with the chronic intake of aluminum-based antacids, particularly with a low-phosphate diet. These antacids form a complex with dietary phosphate, preventing its absorption and resulting in the deficiency. Deficiency can occur with increased urinary excretion of phosphate that occurs w ith starvation and in diabetics experiencing ketoacidosis. Chronic alcoholics may be phosphate deficient because of decreased dietary intake, impaired absorption, and increased urinary excretion (Berner and Shike, Phosphate defi-... 

Selenium enters the food chain mainly as selenomethionine from plants that take the element up from the soil but do not appear to use it. The soil content of selenium is highly variable and can be low in volcanic soils when soluble salts are leached out by ground water. Soils in parts of China and New Zealand are particularly low in selenium. Acid soils, where insoluble selenium complexes can be formed with iron and aluminum, occur in some parts of Europe, resulting in low available soil selenium. The geographical source of plant and animal foodstuffs determines the level of dietary intake. In the United States and Canada, wheat and other cereal products are a good source of selenium average intakes in North America range from 80 to 220 fig Se per day, whereas in the UK dietary intake is about 30 to 60 Llg/day. Intakes in China are as low as 11 lg/day and in New Zealand 28 fig/day. ... 

In dialysis with aluminum-containing water, the metal bypasses the normal exclusion mechanisms, and in acidic waters high in aluminum (5-10 pM), bioavailable aluminum is adsorbed at fish gill epithelia and then absorbed systemically. The dietary intake of aluminum in humans... 

Calcium Acetate (PhosLo) [Calcium Supplement/ Anti arrhythmic/Mmeral/ Electrolyte] Uses ESRD-associated hyper-phos-phatemia Action Ca " supl w/o aluminum to X P04 absorption Dose 2-4 tabs PO w/ meals Caution [C, ] Contra t Ca Disp Gelcap SE Can t Ca, hypophosphatemia, constipation Interactions t Effects OF quinidine X effects W/ large intake of dietary fiber, spinach, rhubarb X effects OF atenolol, CCB, etidronate, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, phenytoin, Fe salts, thyroid hormones EMS Pts have reduced renal Fxn, monitor ECG for signs of electrolyte disturbances OD S/Sxs of hypercalcemia (confusion, weakness, GI upset, constipation, N, V, and cardiac arrhythmias) give IV fluid for diuresis symptomatic and supportive Calcium Carbonate (TumS/ Alka Mints) [Antacid/ Calcium Supplement/Mineral/ Electrolyte] [OTC] Uses Hyperacidity associated w/ peptic ulcer Dz, hiatal hernia, etc Action Neutralizes gastric acid Dose 500 mg—2 g PO PRN -1- in renal impair Caution [C, ] Disp Chew tabs, susp SE t -1- PO constipation Interactions X Effect OF tetracyclines, fluo-... 

Greger JL. 1992. Dietary and other sources of aluminum intake. In Aluminum in biology and medicine. New York John Wiley Sons, 26-49. 

Hunt, C. D., Herbel, J., and Nielsen, E H. (1997). Metabolic responses of postmenopausal women to supplemental dietary boron and aluminum during usual and low magnesium Intake Boron, calcium, and magnesium absorption and retenton and blood mineral concentrations. Am. /. Cfin. Nuir, 65, 803-813. 

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