Folates dietary reference intake

National Academy of Sciences (1998) Dietary Reference Intakes Folate, other B Vitamins and Choline. Wasington, DC National Academy Press. 

Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin Bg, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline. Washington National Academy, 1998. 

At tbe time that the U. K. and European Union reference intakes of folate shown in Table 10.3 were being discussed, the results of intervention trials for the prevention of neural tube defects (Section 10.9.4) were only just becoming available. At that time, there was no information concerning the effects of folate status onhyperhomocysteinemia (Section 10.3.4.2). TheU.S./Canadianreport (Institute of Medicine, 1998) notes specifically that protective effects with respect to neural tube defects were not considered relevant to the determination of the Dietary Reference Intake of folate, and there was insufficient evidence to associate higher intakes of folate (and lower plasma concentrations of homocysteine) with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. 

National Academy of Sciences Food and Nutrition Board, Dietary reference intakes for thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, biotin and choline. National Academy Press, Washington D.C., 1998, pp. 309 22. 

Information for this table is from Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin Bq, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (1998) Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids (2000) Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride (1997), Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc (2001). Washington, DC Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine, National Academy Press. 

Sources Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorous, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Huoride (1997) Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin 85, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (1998) EHetary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids (2000) Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc (2001) Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate (2005) and EHetary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D (2011). These reports may be accessed via www.nap.edu A Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) is the highest level of daily nutrient intake that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the general population. Unless otherwise specified, the UL represents total intake from food, water, and supplements. Due to a lack of suitable data, ULs could not be established for vitamin K, thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, biotin, and carotenoids. In the absence of a UL, extra caution may be warranted in consuming levels above recommended intakes. Members of the general population should be advised not to routinely exceed the UL. The UL is not meant to ply to individuals who are treated with the nutrient under medical supervision or to individuals with predisposing conditions that modify their sensitivity to the nutrient... 

The current dietary reference intake (DRI) established by the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine for folate is 400 micrograms per day. 

Table 44.2 Folate dietary reference intakes according to the age in mg Dietary Folate Equivalents (DFE/day). ...

Sources Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine Dietary Reference Intakes for calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D and fluoride, 1997 Dietary reference intakes for thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B, folate, vitamin Bj, pantothenic acid, biotin and choline, 1998 Dietary reference intakes for vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium and carotenoids, 2000 Dietary Reference Intakes for vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenc, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium and zinc, 2001, National Academy Press Washington, DC. 

Food, Agriculture OrganizationAVorld Health Organization (1989) Requirements of vitamin A, iron, folate, and vitamin Bj2. Report of a joint FAOAVHO Expert Committee. FAO Food and Nutrition Series 23, Rome Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine (USA) (1997) Dietary reference intakes. Nutr Rev 55 319-326... 

From Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences USA (1998) Dietary reference intakes for folate, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B a, panthothenic acid, biotin, and choline, vol. 1. Washington DC National Academy Press. 

C12. Chanarin, I., Rothman, D., Perry, J., and StratfiiU, D., Normal dietary folate, iron and protein intake, with particular reference to pregnancy. Br. Med. J. 2, 394-397 (1968). 

Van Guelpen, B., Hultdin, J., Johansson, I., Stegmayr, B., Hallmans, G., Nilsson, T.K., Weinehall, L., Witthoft, C., Palmqvist, R., and Winkvist, A., 2005. Folate, vitamin B12, and risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke a prospective, nested case-referent study of plasma concentrations and dietary intake. Stroke. 36 1426-1431. 

---