Diesel generator set

These are generally provided to supply power for emergency loads rather than for running the entire plant. 

Managements shall carefully consider the installation of a DG set where the possible consequences of any sudden power failure in a continuously operating plant could be  

The power rating of the DG set should be enough to provide power for all essential units continuously. Senior shop floor engineers shall decide the order of importance and starting sequence of various motors and other loads. 

Net electrical energy available at generator terminals as KWH per litres of fuel consumed (i.e. fuel efiiciency). 

Cost of fuel and lubricants, operators salary, annual maintenance costs, interest paid on investment in the installation (DG set, accessories, separate shed, electrical switchgear). 

---

Figure 16.1 Diesel generator set (Courtesy Kirloskar Electric)...

Captive (emergency) power generation covers the application of a diesel generating set, its starting, protection, synchronizing and load sharing. This forms an important part of power distribution at any installation to provide a standby source of supply,... 

Figure 15.29 The layout of a typical diesel generator engine room. 1 Diesel generator set 2 jacket water header tank 3 lubricating oil service tank 4 air receiver 5 diesel-driven compressor 6 batteries and charger 7 engine control panel 8 pneumatic control panel 9 fuel oil control panel 10 engine exhaust silencer 11 charge air filter 12 daily service fuel oil tank 13 three-section radiator...

For the human living they are provided with autonomous electric delivery systems and usually diesel-generator sets are used for this. However, the diesel generation is expensive because of the fuel consumption, moreover, as the fuel has to be carried on the platforms by boat from the coast. The more suitable solution to produce really autonomous electric energy on oil platforms is to convert locally the wind energy by means of a wind generator set up on the platform itself. 

WECS should supply 780 kWh/m2 of the turbine disk area. A 6 m diameter turbine would supply 22,000 kWh/year, that is enough to answer the annual energy needs. There will be shorter or longer (up to several days) calm periods. Therefore, it is assumed that the calms are to be covered by a standby diesel-generator set (DECS). 

A basic scheme of the configuration of the existing PV-diesel autonomous power system is presented in Figure 5.2. The main power components of this system are PV panels, diesel generating set, batteries and a converter. To simulate this system and perform a techno-economic analysis individual costs (capital cost, replacement cost, operation and maintenance cost) have to be identified for each component. The identification of these costs was mainly based on the RETScreen database developed in Canada (Natural Resources Canada, 1998). 

The capital costs for diesel generators range between 200 and 500 /kW, depending on the size of the generator. Since a relatively small generator is used in this system, a cost of 500 /kW was used in the analysis. If we take into account also the cost of a 3 m3 diesel tank, which accounts for 3300 , we come up with a total cost of 7300 for the diesel generating set. 

The results of the Kythnos system economic analysis, presented in Table 5.2 are also of great interest for our study. According to the economic analysis, the main cost factor for such a hybrid system based on photovoltaic panels is the batteiy bank, followed by the diesel generating set and the PV array, since the lifetime of batteries is relatively limited (around 5 years), therefore the battery bank should be replaced several times during the project. Another important finding of the PV-diesel system economic analysis is high O M and fuel costs, which account for ca. 3616 /ycar. 

As die composition of diesel particulates (e.g. fi action of adsorbed hydrocarbons) depends upon many motor characteristics as engine load, speed, and various temperatures, it is difficult to collect batches of soot with constant properties. Tlierefore, we choose to work with printex-U (a flame soot supplied by Degussa AG) as a model soot. Properties of tliis model soot and diesel particulates collected from a one cylinder direct injected diesel engine (Yanmar L90E diesel generator set) are listed in Table 1. 

Power transmission is as a rule effected by belt drive, at first this was with fiat belts and later with V-belts. A drive version using a direct-coupled electric motor with intermediate reduction gear was offered as an option as far back as the 1920s. (Fig. 42). Mobile extrusion units with an independent power supply from a diesel generating set were developed from 1950 for use in the Third World. 

We observe that almost two thirds of the anomalies involve the reactivity control function (command of control rod positions), the containment (notably dome isolation and reactor building ventilation) and standby supplies (diesel generator sets, batteries and switchboards that they supply). The anomalies concerning sodium only involve eight events... 

Emergency power supply. Diesel generator sets, fuel storage, automatic electrical change over switches, etc.). 

The power supply from the local grid may be erratic, and if captive power generation facilities are not installed then it may become necessary to have a Diesel Generator Set (DG Set) available for emergency power. The operating and maintenance cost of the DG Set is, however, on the higher side. 

Diesel generator sets and fuel tanks, batteries, and charging system Plant lighting—alternate lights to have supplies from separate feeders A functional maintenance repair facility with adequate stocks of essential spares Storage tanks for all products, fuels, and starting materials—calibrated and tested for leaks... 

Emergency Power Diesel generator set, diesel storage tank, start-up battery, power change over switch ... 

Working of all safety devices, electrical interconnections, and diesel generator set for power supply during grid failure ... 

It is desirable to have diesel generators sets of sufficient capacity as stand by the soiurce of power with automatic change over faciUly. These shall be used for operating equipment for emergency use such as alkali circulation pumps and induced draught fans for scrubbers, refrigeration units (to prevent escape of volatile solvents), fire hydrant pumps, boiler feed water pumps, and plant lighting. 

Fuel oil tank and strainer. (Fuel shall be always available for at least eight to ten hours of continuous run at full capacity of the diesel generator set by providing additional storage tank if necessary.)... 

The ESR exit line should be connected to the main water lines in the plant through solenoid valves which open automatically (with arrangement to open manually if it does not open) when power supply fails or when pressure in main line falls below a set pressure. This is to maintain supply of water to all important points of use till diesel generator set is started for resuming power supply to important pumps and other units. It will give the operators the vital 15-20 min to take necessary steps till these pumps are restarted (on power supply from the DG sets—which will be gradually loaded). 

Working of all utilities such as air-drying plant, thermic fluid heating systems, packaged steam boilers, diesel generator sets for emergency power supply,... 

The source of supply for the temporary installation may be from a pietrol- or diesel-generating set or from the local supply company. When the local electricity company provides the supply, the Incoming cable must be terminated in a non-combustible or not readily combustible waterproof and locked enclosure to prevent unauthorized access and provide metering arrangements. 

The CANDU 6 incorporates comprehensive electrical systems that include Class IV, Class III, Class II and Class I systems, and redundancy and diversity to assure that all plant reliability and safety requirements are met. The Class III power system for example, includes four diesel generating sets, each capable of sustaining all necessary plant loads. 

General Motors (GM) emergency diesel generator set 1 and 2- Fuel oil lines have been isolated from the diesels. The underground/above-ground tanks have been drained and removed. The cooling water system has been drained, and anti CoiTosion additive has been added to the lube oil, ftiel oil. and di jacket water system Fud oil lines inside the building have been drained. 

Reactor Process Room Exlmust Fan Emergency Diesel Generator Sets (EG Sets)- Booster Pump Diesel Generator... 

General Motors Emergency Diesel Generator Sets 1 and 2 Process Water Diesel Generators (PWDG)-Rod Equipment Room Batteries... 

The power for operation of the ECCS is from regular AC power sources. Upon loss of regular power, operation is from on-site standby AC power sources, and the standby diesel-generator set is capable of accommodating full capacity of the LPCl and spray function. The HPCS system is completely independent of external power sources, having its own diesel generator as shown. 

---