Direct injection diesel engines

Rayri, F., et al., CFD modeling of the in-cylinder flow in direct-injection diesel engines. Comput. Fluids, 2004. 33(8) 995-1021. 

Assanis, D. N., FiUpi, Z. S., Fiveland, S. B., and Syrimis, M., A methodology for cycle-by-cycle transient heat release analysis in a turbocharged direct injection diesel engine, SAE, 2000, 2000-01-1185—SAE Transactions, Journal of Engines, 109(3), 1327-1339. 

Fig. 8 Engine-out exhaust PM results from tests of several fuels at fixed speed/load conditions of an advanced, high-speed, direct injection diesel engine. Adapted from ref. 41.

Daimler-Benz has accumulated data on NECAR III emissions with a dynamometer programmed for a mix of urban and suburban driving. The results were promising since there were zero emissions for nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide, and extremely low hydrocarbon emissions of only. 0005 per gram per mile. NECAR III did produce significant quantities of carbon dioxide similar to the emissions of a direct-injection diesel engine where the fuel is injected directly into the combustion chamber. Direct-injection produces less combustion residue and unburned fuel. 

Fatty acid methyl and ethyl esters derived from vegetable oils are valuable compounds for the production of fine chemicals for food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic products. Moreover, they are considered to be a promising fuel for direct injection diesel engines. The classical method of fatty acid methyl and ethyl ester (FAME)... 

Fuels used in marine applications are quite diverse in their properties. Low-viscosity distillate fuels and high-viscosity residual fuels can both be considered marine fuels. The applications, though, would differ and could include use in direct injected diesel engines, boilers, and gas turbines. Also, high-speed, medium-speed, and slow-speed engines can be found in marine applications. 

Fatty acid methyl and ethyl esters derived from vegetable oils are considered to be a promising fuel for direct injection diesel engines. Moreover, they are valuable compounds for the production of fine chemicals for food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. Leclercq et a/.1711 showed that the methanolysis of rapeseed oil can be carried out with MgO, although its activity depends strongly on the pretreatment temperature of this oxide. Thus, with MgO pretreated at 823 K and a methanol to oil molar ratio of 75 at methanol reflux, a conversion of 37 % with 97 % selectivity to methyl esters was achieved after 1 h in a batch reactor. 

The engine used in this project is a 3 cylinder naturally aspirated direct injected diesel engine (Zetor Z4901). The table below shows the original specifications of the diesel engine ... 

Shihadeh AL, Rural Electrification from Local Resources Biomass Pyrolysis Oil Combustion in a Direct Injection Diesel Engine, Ph D. Thesis, (Massachussetts Institute of Technology, 1998)... 

A3/B4 intended for use in high-performance petrol and direct-injection diesel engines, but also suitable for applications described under A3/B3. 

Direct injection diesel engines using unit injectors or common rail injection. 

P.L. Herzog "Status and Potential of Shaping Injection Rate Control in High Speed Direct Injection Diesel Engines." MTZ Worldwide 57 (1996) 12. 

As die composition of diesel particulates (e.g. fi action of adsorbed hydrocarbons) depends upon many motor characteristics as engine load, speed, and various temperatures, it is difficult to collect batches of soot with constant properties. Tlierefore, we choose to work with printex-U (a flame soot supplied by Degussa AG) as a model soot. Properties of tliis model soot and diesel particulates collected from a one cylinder direct injected diesel engine (Yanmar L90E diesel generator set) are listed in Table 1. 

Diesel emission results were obtained using a naturally aspirated Perkins 6.354.4 direct injection diesel engine on a test bed dynamometer under steady state conditions at 50% load and peak torque speed (1300 r.p.m.). The cetane rating of the fuel was 45. The catalyst used in the diesel tests comprised a radially wound compressed stainless steel wire mesh, coated with a high surface area alumina and catalytically active precious metals (4). 

H. Hiroyasu and T. Kadota. Models for combustion and formation of nitric oxide and soot in direct injection diesel engines. SAE Paper 760129, 1976. 

Y.Y. Zhang, K. Nishida, S. Nomura, T. Ito Spray characteristics of a group-hole nozzle for direct injection diesel engines. Atomization and Sprays, 16, 35 9 (2006). 

Guerrassi, N. and Dupraz, P. (1998) A common rail injection system for high speed direct injection diesel engines. SAE Paper 980803. 

D. Stanton, A. Lippert, R. D. Reitz, and C. J. Rutland. Influence of Spray-Wall Interaction and Fuel Films on Cold Starting in Direct Injection Diesel Engines. SAE Paper, 982584, 1998. 

Salvat O, Marez P, Belot G (2000) Passenger car serial application of a particulate filter system on a common rail direct injection diesel engine. SAE Technical Paper 2000-01-0473... 

Salvat, O., Marez, P. and Belot, G. (2000). Passenger Car Serial Application of a Particulate Filter System on a Common Rail Direct Injection Diesel Engine, SAE Technical Paper, 2000-01 -0473. 

In addition, a study of combustion of Jatropha curcas Linn, oil (cmde degummed fatty acid methyl ester) as a fuel in a direct injection diesel engine was done (Reksowardojo et al., 2008a, 2009a). The summary of conclusions drawn from the experimental data were as follows ... 

Mesra, J., 2007. The Influence Kapok Seed (Ceiba pentandra) Biodiesel Euel on a Direct Injection Diesel Engine. Bachelor Final Project in Mechanical Engineering Dept., Institut Teknologi Bandung (in Indonesian). 

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