Desired behaviors

We go next to the analysis and failure analysis block in Figure 7-11. That is, we consider the initial configuration with a particular material or materials. Then, for the prescribed loads, we perform a set of structural analyses to get the various structural response parameters like stresses, displacements, buckling loads, natural frequencies, etc. Those analyses are all deterministic processes. That is, within the limits of accuracy of the available analysis techniques, we are able to predict a specific set of responses for a particular structural configuration. We must know how a particular structural configuration behaves so we can compare the actual behavior with the desired behavior, i.e., with the design requirements. 

To prevent this kink, Gorev and Bystrov (1985) suggested a correction by a properly chosen coordinate transformation. The substitution was chosen in such a way that the equations after linearization describe the desired behavior in the near-shock region during the period when the influence of the correction fades gradually towards the piston. In this way, Gorev and Bystrov (1985) obtained an approximate solution which holds for the entire flow field. 

Contingency management consists of providing positive rewards for desirable behavior and setting limits and consequences for undesirable behavior. 

There are still three conceptual levels the domain models (the outside, describing the environment in which the software will reside), the component specifications (the boundary, describing its externally desired behaviors), and the component implementation (the inside, describing its internal design). These three levels continue recursively Each subcomponent itself has a context (the collaboration with others that should realize the external spec), a specification, and its own implementation. 

SYSCO is now driving this incentive reward system down to the truck driver and warehouse employee level. The culture, measurement system, and reward system are integrated, internally consistent, understood by line employees, and motivate the desired behaviors. 

One area that illustrates aspects important to energy dissipation is the fabrication of protective armor. Such armor includes helmets, vests, vehicle exteriors and interiors, riot shields, bomb blankets, explosive containment boxes (aircraft cargo), and bus and taxi shields. In each case energy dissipation is a critical element in the desired behavior of the device. To illustrate this let us look at body armor. 

Whereas force is intended to make undesirable behavior more costly, inducement works by making a desired behavior less costly. The state gives tax breaks for investment or for dona-... 

Goals are action-oriented statements describing desired behavior resulting... 

These examples all involve group IVa metal complexes, suggesting that the desired behavior might be possibly an attribute of early transition metal hydride complexes, an area that has been studied considerably less than complexes of metals that are further to the right of the early transition metals on the periodic table. Indeed, as discussed in this volume (see Chapter 10), a zirconium hydride complex recently has been found to reduce CO to methanol among other products. 

So far, we started from a logical structure and asked which final states (stable or periodic) are consistent with this structure, by which sequences of states they can be reached and which conditions determine the pathway that will be followed. In opposition with this analytic, deductive approach, one can start from an observed (or desired) behavior and try to proceed... 

Tired of blaming themselves for what they see as their own failure, parents are often eager to embrace the idea that there is some malfunction in the child s brain that puts the desired behavior outside of his or her control. If the cause of the behavior is biological, the child is physically unable to behave differently and the parents are not at fault. If the cause is psychological, on the other hand, this implies an emotional or relational problem, one for which parents might be considered partly responsible. 

Reinforcing with formal mechanisms. Management needs to ensure that roles and relationships, basic management and business processes, reward and recognition systems, and information systems all support and reinforce the requisite mindsets and behaviors. It is close to impossible to convince employees that more risk taking will be a desired behavior in the future, if just one person who then takes a risk and fails is demoted. 

Obviously the characteristic distribution of the structured square, as expected, is much closer to the ideal plug flow reactor than to the laminar flow reactor. This desired behavior is a result of the channel walls, which are flow-guiding elements and pressure resistors to the flow at the same time. Two of the streamlines are projecting with a residence time of more than 0.4 s. These are the streamlines passing the area close to the wall of the distribution area, which introduces a larger resistance to these particles due to wall friction. This could, for example, be accounted for by a different channel width between the near wall channels and the central channels. 

Figure 12 Schematic illustrating the desired behavior of an automated chemical reactor. The user enters the desired particle properties, the black-box reactor then evaluates multiple reaction conditions until it identifies an appropriate set that yield particles with the desired properties the reactor then continues to produce particles with these properties until instructed to stop.

With such independently determined parameters, the model must now be able to reproduce the experimentally observed characteristics of ultradian oscillations in human insulin secretion, e.g. the observed period, the oscillation amplitudes and phase relations, and the ringing of the insulin secretion in response to a meal. If the model can only produce the desired behavior after minor adjustments of the parameters, such adjustments may be performed. In most cases, however, the model either produces temporal variations in qualitative and semi-quantitative agreement with the empirical results or it does not produce anything that resembles them at all. In the latter case we conclude that the model structure is incorrect, and that a new hypothesis must be formulated. 

The relevant research fits broadly into two categories [46]. First, one may ask to select a desired behavior among an infinite variety of behaviors naturally present in chaotic systems, and then stabilize this behavior by applying only tiny... 

Ultimately, it is not your responsibility to improve your employees behaviors — it is their responsibility. Your responsibility is to help them problem solve. Provide only the rational facts. Therefore, a discussion might be articulated in this manner, When you do [behavior], the results are [fact], which do not meet [desired outcome]. In the future, I need you to do [desired behavior]. Failure to do so will result in [consecjuence] (See Table 7.5.)... 

Cost sharing can also be set up to reward desired behaviors. This is the case with incentives to use generic products, which are usually less expensive than brand-name drugs. Generic products are chemically equivalent to the brand-name (also called the originator or innovator) products, which are protected under patent for, approximately fheir firsf 7 years on the market. 

The cell tests consisted of three steps (1) In the first step, the cell was charged with approximately equal volumes of CO2 and an aqueous solution of the test surfactant in reservoir brine. The desired behavior was formation of an emulsion-like dispersion of the C02-rich phase in the aqueous phase. (2) In the second step, a small amount of reservoir oil was added. Desirable surfactants formed three-phase dispersions in which both the C02 rich and oil-rich phases were dispersed in the aqueous phase. (The crude oil was not miscible with CO2.) (3) In the third step of the test, the amount of oil in the cell was increased until it was somewhat larger than the volumes of CO2 and of aqueous phase. Although relatively few surfactants passed this third step, the desired dispersion structure was believed to be droplets of the C02-rich phase dispersed in the continuous oleic phase, with films of aqueous surfactant solution encasing the dispersed droplets (42,43, S. L. Wellington, Shell Development Company, personal communication, November 13, 1987). "Foaminess" tests performed under these conditions correlated with the results of flooding experiments. Both nonionic alkoxylated surfactants and their anionic sulfonated derivatives were tested by these methods (42,43). 

Ideally a single-particle counter should have a response function monotonically dependent on particle size exemplified by that portion of Figure I for n = 1.57 — 0.56i and a < 17 but with zero response for all other a. The real situation however is quite different as indicated. Two types of deviations from desired behavior can be identified. 

Success stories demonstrate that positive change can be made within an organization. These stories provide a basis for dialogue with all personnel in an organization and facilitate education and training efforts. Metrics help document systems improvement trends and provide data to reinforce desired behaviors. 

The third component of the quality system is culture. Given capable processes and skilled employees, management needs to create a culture that fosters the desired behavior and that supports the natural motivation of employees to take pride in a job well done. Some aspects of the quality culture are ... 

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