Undesired behaviors

Contingency management consists of providing positive rewards for desirable behavior and setting limits and consequences for undesirable behavior. 

The primary aim of behavior modification is to help patients choose lifestyles conducive to safe and sustained weight loss. Behavioral therapy is based on principles of human learning, which use stimulus control and reinforcement to substitute desirable for learned, undesirable behavior. 

Additives are introduced into aviation fuel for a variety of reasons. Primarily, additives are added to improve fuel performance or to prevent undesirable behavior. They may be introduced into fuel under the following limitations ... 

Whereas force is intended to make undesirable behavior more costly, inducement works by making a desired behavior less costly. The state gives tax breaks for investment or for dona-... 

Controversy continues to surround Cannabis sativa as to whether marijuana laws should be changed. Proponents argue that marijuana is less harmful than tobacco, while opponents site undesirable behavioral effects. The dichotomy of viewpoints... 

The photo-Fries rearrangement of polymers such as 1 leads to yellowing, an undesirable behavior for many potential applications. The photochemistry of analogous MCLC polymers has been reported [30] in which the alkoxyphenyl ester groups of 1 have been replaced by 4,4 -franj-disubstituted cyclohexyl... 

People also have belonging and love needs. Although love is not a typical emotion involved in a professional environment, belonging and longing to be liked can be. Francesca might exhibit undesirable behaviors at work because she does not feel like an integral member of the team. 

During the estrous cycle (and especially during estrus) mares sometimes exhibit undesirable behavioral or physical problems that may interfere with performance. These problems include difficulties in training or riding, back or hindquarter pain and aggressive behavior. A wide variety of treatments have been employed with variable efficacy (Jorgensen et al 1996). 

From this discussion one can see that one way to eliminate or at least reduce peak tailing is the use of acidic mobile phases. This, however, is a severe constraint on the choice of mobile-phase conditiorrs used for the optimization of a separation. Another commonly used approach is therefore the addition of organic amines to the mobile phase. They compete with the analyte for the active sites, and can thus attenuate or even eliminate the undesirable behavior. The concentration of the additive should be in the range of lO-lOOmM to be effective. A commonly used mobile-phase additive is triethylamine. However, it is less effective than longer-chain amines, which interact with the bonded phase more strongly. When triethylamine fails to eliminate tailing, one should try octylamine, or if that does not help, either, a cetyl trimethylammonium salt. The latter is most effective, but residts in long equilibration times. 

In this article we focus on dynamic programs with total discounted reward objectives. As illustrated in the example of Section 4.1.7, infinite horizon dynamic programs with other types of objectives, such as long-run average reward objectives, may exhibit undesirable behavior. A proper treatment of dynamic programs with these types of objectives requires more space than we have available here, and therefore we refer the interested reader to the references. Besides, in most practical applications, rewards and costs in the near future are valued more than rewards and costs in the more distant future, and hence total discounted reward objectives are preferred for applications. 

In the ink-jet method, since the material is jetted and is scattered, if a distance between a coated surface and a nozzle of a head for ink-jet is not made suitably, there can occur the problem of a so-called flying curve in which a droplet falls to a position other than intended. To overcome this undesired behavior, an improved thin film-forming apparatus has been constructed. ... 

In the first case, undesired behaviors are directly changed. We usually behave using specific behavioral patterns associated with various situations. For example, when we read a technical book, we never take notes, but we can change this pattern and start taking notes. At first, changing the pattern will be difficult, but after several conscious attempts to take... 

Another family of adaptive sampling plan is continuous sampling plans (CSP). They allow switching between 100 % screening inspections and sampling inspections when the process does not exhibit undesired behavior while restoring screening inspection if out-of-control behaviors are identified. 

Synthetic surfactants have caused huge environmental problems in the past due to their limited degradability and their partial biotoxicity. Improvements in legislation in the industrial countries have led to a significant reduction of this undesired behavior, but in many less developed countries, pollution caused by surfactants is stiU a problem. 

It is interesting to note that to the author s knowledge, at least two actual reactors were acoustically unstable in their original design. Application of the result (63) led in each case to design changes which completely suppressed the undesirable behavior. 

Suppose a new employee must work near a vat of acid. The employee has been trained in recognizing hazards in the workplace but still does not wear PPE. Is it irrational not to wear eye protection near acid Most people would probably say Yes This undesirable behavior seems to be irrational, but is it If coworkers heckle the new employee for talking about safety and wearing PPE, is the worker being irrational for not wearing it The new employee may have a... 

An interesting corollary is that one solution to this problem involves disconnecting all sinks from P and letting the cloned gate P drive all fanouts, then placing P optimally. If permissible, this case is similar to RUMBLE (see Chap. 3), and we can compare the solution with the above results and choose the best one. If this is undesirable behavior, we can constrain the solution to include at least one sink driven by P. 

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