Natural behavior

Repellents are materials that affect insects and other organisms by dismpting their natural behavior of bloodseeking through biting of humans and animals, and are the first line of defense that can be readily used for this purpose (1). The best overall standard repellent is A/,A/-diethyl-y -toluamide [134-62-3] (DEBT), systematically named A/jAZ-diediji-S-methylbenzamide (1). 

It is important to understand, however, that any animal experiment in the laboratory is an artificial situation, and it may be biologically different from the natural behavior of the animal. Thus, it is crucial to correctly interpret the animal behavior observed in an experiment in order to identify parallels with specific human brain disorders. Although there are many other conceptual and methodological limitations of working with mice, this species shows much promise for future psychopharmacological research. 

This simple model of memory differs from those described above in that it is based on a natural behavioral tendency rather than the situations imposed on the animal by exposure to aversive stimulation or food deprivation. 

Social exploration is a natural behavioral phenomenon which occurs when animals are confronted with one another. The behavior is not induced by the experimenter but occurs spontaneously. Such a method possesses therefore a certain face validity in that it appears to resemble memories for social encounters as they occur in man. 

Always remember that theories (models) are human inventions. They represent attempts to explain observed natural behavior in terms of human experiences. A theory is actually an educated guess. We must continue to do experiments and to refine our theories (making them consistent with new knowledge) if we hope to approach a more nearly complete understanding of nature. 

Another important consideration is how exposure to a stressor may alter natural behavior, thereby affecting further exposure. In some cases, this may lead to enhanced exposure (e.g., increased preening by birds after aerial pesticide spraying), while in other situations initial exposure may lead to avoidance of contaminated locations or food sources (e.g., avoidance of certain waste effluents or physically altered spawning beds by some fish species). 

The natural behavior of a crowd at the borderline between chaos and order in the human brain, as experienced at sport-events, popular concerts, political meetings of extremists, and so, is always a terrifying experience for a man of poise. Its essentially dangerous, threatening nature is obvious. The history of wars prove the main role of this brain mechanism in degrading human beings into faceless, robotic members of a misused mass. 

Boundaries on the diagram are defined by equilibrium conditions between the above phases. Accordingly we write the various reactions between these phases and their equilibrium constant expressions. For simplicity, mineral names are used instead of chemical formulas. The equilibrium constant values which are from Hess (1966), do not differ much from such values in recent use by others (cf. Drever 1988). These values are based in large part on the observed natural behavior of the minerals (cf. Feth et al. 1964 Garrels and Christ 1965 Helgeson 1969). 

The phenomenon of hysteresis is widespread in nature. Behavior of many systems in physics [1], chemistry [2], biology [3], social science [4, 5], and interdisciplinary sciences [6] exhibit hysteresis. The most general reason for existing of these phenomena is as follows if we reverse the path in the control variables space, we do not necessarily reverse the path in state variables space. Physically it means that there are two or more different local minima and only one corresponds to the thermodynamic equilibrium state, the others must be metastable. These persisting metastable states are responsible for the origin of hysteresis. Among these systems adsorption hysteresis stands out because of its direct and close connection with a number of other complicate phenomena and relevant... 

Umezawa M. Kogishi K, Tojo H, Yoshimura S, Serin N, Ohta A, et al. High-linoleate and high-a-linolenate diets affect learning ability and natural behavior in SAMRl mice. J Nutr 1999 129 431-437. 

Some aspects of protein microheterogeneity in relation to their de-naturation behavior will be examined in more detail later on. 

The point is that we don t stop asking questions just because we have devised a theory that seems to account satisfactorily for some aspect of natural behavior. We continue doing experiments to refine our theories. We do this by using the theory to make a prediction and then performing an experiment (making a new observation) to see whether the results match this prediction. 

The dual-nature behavior of ILs, i.e. the ability to separate both polar and nonpolar compounds, has been explored for the development of a new class of stationary phases for gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). The popular [C4CjIm]PF IL was one of the first to be tested as stationary phase for GLC giving highly interesting results, acting as a low-polarity stationary phase for nonpolar compounds whi-... 

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