Explosion containment

NH3) are of great commercial importance practically all modem explosives contain high proportions of ammonium nitrate or organic nitro-compounds. Nitrates are also employed as fertilizers. 

Fire and Explosion Prevention. Prevention of fire and explosion takes place in the design of chemical plants. Such prevention involves the study of material characteristics, such as those in Table 1, and processing conditions to determine appropriate ha2ard avoidance methods. Engineering techniques are available for preventing fires and explosions. Containment of flammable and combustible materials and control of processes which could develop high pressures are also important aspects of fire and explosion prevention. 

Highly irritating and poisonous Very soluble in water. Liquid liberates heat as it dissolves in water. The entrapment of water in an anhydrous hydrogen fluoride cylinder can cause rapid generation of heat and pressure which can lead to an explosion. Containers should never be heated to >52°C. A liquid hydrogen fluoride spill area should not be entered unless protective clothing (impervious to the compound) and a self-contained gas mask are worn Fumes in air... 

Explosives containing both chlorates and ammonium salts. 

Explosives containing mixtures of chlorates with phosphorus. 

Comparison of High Explosives Containing Aluminum with Amatol and TNT , BRL-MR-211 (Sept 1943) 8) Anon, The Use of Secondary... 

H,W. Voigt, Use of Thermoplastic Additives to Control Cracking and Exudation of Cast Explosives Containing TNT , PATR 3829 (1970)... 

Ammon gelignite. A nitroglycerine gelatine explosive containing ammonium nitrate as the main oxidising ingredient. 

Ammonal. An explosive containing ammonium nitrate, trinitrotoluene and aluminium. 

Gelignite. Originally a gelatine explosive containing potassium nitrate as oxidising material. Now often applied to any gelatine. 

Semi-gelatine. An explosive containing nitroglycerine gelled with nitrocellulose, but in quantity insufficient to fill the voids between the salt and combustible particles and thereby produce a gelatine. 

A very shock sensitive explosive, containing nearly 90 wt% of nitrogen. See other high-nitrogen compounds, non-metal azides... 

In presence of sulfide ores, specifically pyrites, explosives containing ammonium nitrate may undergo runaway reaction, leading to detonation at temperatures below 40°C if pH is less than 2. The reaction is acid catalysed. 

Practical techniques for explosion containment and venting are discussed, and the topic of risk assessment for explosives facilities is reviewed. 

L. M., "A Manual to Predict Blast and Fragment Loadings from Accidental Explosions of Chemical Munitions Inside an Explosion Containment Structure," Vols. I II, Final Report, Contract No. DACA87-81-0099, April 1983. 

The design requirements for the explosive containment rooms In the facility are defined using the detailed process operating requirements and safety and environmental factors ... 

Ventilation System Blast Protection. The explosive containment rooms have the highest potential contamination level in the process facility. The punching and shearing that are part of the remote controlled disassembly operation result in the release of... 

FIGURE 4s EXPLOSIVE CONTAINMENT ROOM VENTILATION STSTEM BLAST PROTECTION... 

JACADS Explosive Containment Room Model Test, Southwest Research Institute Project 06-8069, prepared for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Huntsville Division, Huntsville, Alabama, July 1984. 

Nonideal Detonation in a Composite CHNO Explosive Containing Aluminum. 

Fallout Radioactive material that falls back to earth after a nuclear explosion. Contains highly radioactive materials from the original weapon, vaporized material from ground zero, and other materials pulled into the mushroom cloud. The amount of fallout and spread of radioactivity depends on weapon yield and meteorological conditions. 

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