Oriental fruit moth

Pheromones Multiple products Codling moth, oriental fruit moth Various fruits and vegetables Insecticide... 

Tunnels to core of fruit Apples and other tree fruits Citrus, figs Codling moths. Oriental fruit moths, plum cucurllos Navel orangeworms... 

Menzies, D.R., Free, D.J., and Fisher, R.W. Correlation of spray coverage ratings and phosmet residues with mortality of oriental fruit moth larvae, J. Econ. Entomol, 72 721-724, 1979. 

It was initially thought that, in insects, the major component in a pheromone blend attracted from the longest distance, while the minor components came into play at shorter distances from an odor source such as a calling female. However, the male Oriental fruit moth, GraphoUta molesta, at least, responds from longer distances (100 m) more to the full female pheromone blend of three compounds than to the major component (Linn et ah, 1987). Similar tests have not been performed with vertebrates. 

Two series of petroleum fractions and a series of synthetic isoparaffins prepared by the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station are described briefly. Their insecticidal efficiency on three unrelated pests—oriental fruit moth, European red mite, and cottony peach scale— is reported. 

Oriental Fruit Moth Tests. In general the methods utilized in previous studies (9) were employed for the insecticidal evaluation of the materials. The results have... 

Chapman, Pearce, and Avens (4, 20) investigated the relation between chemical composition and insecticidal efficiency of various dormant and foliage spray oils against several common insect pests of deciduous trees, and found it to be positive. They concluded that an oil which is highly paraffinic in character is the most desirable type. Saturated narrow-cut petroleum fractions were used by Pearce, Chapman, and Frear 21) in a study of the influence of molecular weight and structural constitution on the insecticidal efficiency of such oils to eggs of the oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta (Busck). Correlations between efficiency and various properties were compared on the basis of composition. The value of paraffinicity was illustrated, and the importance of other properties was indicated. 

Figures 3 and 4 indicate that the relations of composition and molecular size to the efficiency of petroleum oils against eggs of the citrus r mite are of the same type, with essentially the same critical values, as those foimd by Pearce, Chapman, and Frear (ff) for eggs of the oriental fruit moth. The ovicidal efficiency is nearly constant above a molecular weight of 340 and falls off very rapidly to indeterminate amounts below this level.

It is interesting that the amount of oil deposit required for 95% kill is approximately the same for eggs of the oriental fruit moth and of the citrus red mite. For eggs of the oriental fruit moth, Pearce et al. 21) report lowest minimum effective dosage values of 1.6 mg. per 100 sq. cm. for a paraffinic oil and 2.3 mg. per 100 sq. cm. for a naphthenic oil. Equivalent values for 95% kill of citrus red mite eggs in the present studies were 21 and 15 micrograms per sq. cm., respectively. 

Pearce et al. (21) suggest that some property of the fractions which has not been evaluated is probably related to the killing mechanism of hydrocarbon oils to oriental fruit moth eggs. It is thought that this may be true for eggs of the citrus red mite as well, and may be particularly applicable to the performance of the oils against adult female Califomia red scale. 

Baker, T. C. (1983). Variations in male oriental fruit moth courtship patterns due to male competition. Experientia 39 112-114. 

Baker, T. C. and Carde, R. T. (1979). Courtship behavior of the oriental fruit moth... 

Baker, T. C., Nishida, R. and Roelofs, W. L. (1981). Close-range attraction of female oriental fruit moths to herbal scent of male hairpencils. Science 214 1359-1361. 

Nishida, R., Baker, T. C. and Roelofs, W.L. (1982). Hairpencil pheromone components of male oriental fruit moths, Grapholitha molesta. Journal of Chemical Ecology 8 947-959. 

Ethyl cinnamate (one of the constituents of the sex pheromone of the male oriental fruit moth)... 

Baker T. C. and Haynes K. F. (1987) Maneuvers used by flying male oriental fruit moths to relocate a sex pheromone plume in an experimentally shifted wind-field. Physiol. Entomol. 12, 263-279. 

The most intensive effort to use pheromones in insect management has been in Australia, where an attract-and-kill strategy has been developed for protecting stone fruit crops. Historically, the Oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta Busck, was the major stone fruit pest, and heavy insecticide applications kept both this moth and, coincidentally, the Carpophilus beetles at acceptable levels. However, the widespread adoption of pheromone-based mating disruption for G. molesta control released the Carpophilus beetles from insecticide pressure, and these beetles, Ca. davidsoni in particular, became the dominant stone fruit pests (James et al., 1994). Late applications of broad-spectrum insecticides often... 

The ability of male moths to perceive mixtures of geometric isomers with extraordinary acuity was further documented in an investigation of the responses of males of the redbanded leaf-roller and two populations of the European cornborer to isomers of 11-tetradecenyl acetate (21). Redbanded leafroller males were essentially unresponsive to pure preparations of their reported sex pheromone, (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, but were strongly attracted to lures containing up to 8% of the (E)-isomer. Similarly, European cornborer males from Iowa responded maximally when 4% of the (E)-isomer was added to the (Z)-isomer, whereas the New York population was attracted to an isomeric mixture containing about 4% of the (Z )-isomer. Enhanced attraction by a small proportion of the opposite geometric isomer was also demonstrated with males of the oriental fruit moth,... 

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