Grapholitha molesta

Chapman, Pearce, and Avens (4, 20) investigated the relation between chemical composition and insecticidal efficiency of various dormant and foliage spray oils against several common insect pests of deciduous trees, and found it to be positive. They concluded that an oil which is highly paraffinic in character is the most desirable type. Saturated narrow-cut petroleum fractions were used by Pearce, Chapman, and Frear 21) in a study of the influence of molecular weight and structural constitution on the insecticidal efficiency of such oils to eggs of the oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta (Busck). Correlations between efficiency and various properties were compared on the basis of composition. The value of paraffinicity was illustrated, and the importance of other properties was indicated. 

Grapholitha molesta) experimental analysis and consideration of the role of sexual selection in the evolution of courtship pheromones in the Lepidoptera. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 72 173-188. 

Nishida, R., Baker, T. C. and Roelofs, W.L. (1982). Hairpencil pheromone components of male oriental fruit moths, Grapholitha molesta. Journal of Chemical Ecology 8 947-959. 

Grapholitha molesta (22). Females of this species emit (Zj-8-dodecenyl acetate as a major sex pheromone component, along with a synercjist, dodecyl alcohol (23). Addition of the (E)-isomer of 8-dodecenyl acetate increased male catches about 25-fold maximum attractiveness occurred with about 8% of this isomer. 

The methyl ester of jasmonic acid (methyl 3-oxo-2-(2 -pentenyl)-cyclopentaneacetate) is also known as both an active plant hormone and an important fragrance and flavor component with sweet-floral and jasmine-like aroma notes (13). Methyl jasmonate induces plant systems to provide defense from microbial infection, and is a secondary synthesis product of plants. Methyl jasmonate was also isolated from the Oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta as a part of the male sex hormone (7,75). The authors demonstrated that the volatile form of jasmonic acid, methyl jasmonate, is a major signal molecule for inter- and intra species communications. Methyl jasmonate is expected to have... 

Methyl (Z)-(-)-jasmonate has been identified as a component in the scent of Tunisian rosemary, in the stems and leaves of wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L.), and in the absoiue of tuberose and gardenia flowers. Methyl (Z)-(-)-(3H,7S -jasmonate has been discovered in the oil of lemon peel and in the pheromone of the oriental fruit moth (Grapholitha molesta B.,1 The culture filtrate of the fungus Lasiodiplodia fheobromae contains the free acid. In the oils from the blooms of osmanthus, gardenia and mimosa, (-)-jasmolactone has been found, which is also an important component of tea aroma. [75] On the other hand, the oil from tuberose flowers contains (+)-jasmolactone. 

Baker, T. C. and Carde, R. T. (1979) Analysis of pheromone-mediated behaviors in male Grapholitha molesta, the Oriental fruit moth (Lepidoptera Tortricidae). Env, Ent, 8, 956-68. 

Fig. 13.4 Pheromone components emitted by female Grapholitha molesta, the Oriental fruit moth.

Fig. 13.6 The conditional probabilities of male and female Grapholitha molesta courtship behaviors occurring in cases where the female delivers a tactile stimulus to the male by hitting her head into his abdominal tip (Baker and Card6, 1979a).

Fig. 13.7 Compounds present in male Grapholitha molesta hairpencils ethyl-tran -cinnamate (I), (-)-mellein (II), methyl-jasmonate (III), and methyl 2-epijasmonate (IV) (Baker eta/., 1981b).

Dustan, G. G. (1964) Mating behaviour of the oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera Olethreutidae). Can, Ent., 96, 1087-93. 

Nishida, R., T.C. Baker, and W.L. Roelofs Hairpencil Pheromone Components of Male Oriental Fruit Moths, Grapholitha molesta. J. Chem. Ecol. 8, 947 (1982). 

A number of compounds easily recognized as derivatives of the phenyl-C3 series have been identified as pheromones (Figure 8.2). For example, ethyl cinnamate has been found as a component of the male sex pheromone of the oriental fruit fly Grapholitha molesta. 2-Phenylethanol has been found in the mandibular glands of the ant Camponotus clarithorax. 

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