Data acquisition hardware

Data System development is an area which has recently seen tremendous growth. Instrument vendors pay increasing attention to their software in recognition of its vital role in the commercial success of their product. Manufacturers of data acquisition hardware are likewise working to bundle their hardware with attractive software. Software houses are offering some ambitious packages for data analysis applications. 

The minicomputer based system for Instrument automation at Glidden has been prevlousj.y reported (1). since that system predates the availability of low cost personal computers and data acquisition hardware, most of the hardware and software was designed and assembled in-house. ... 

Several commercial calorimeters are available to characterize runaway reactions. These include the accelerating rate calorimeter (ARC), the reactive system screening tool (RSST), the automatic pressure-tracking adiabatic calorimeter (APTAC), and the vent sizing package (VSP). Each calorimeter has a different sample size, container design, data acquisition hardware, and data sensitivity. 

We will start by reviewing the wetted surface from reservoir to flow cell output. I will discuss the minimum tools and spare parts you should have on hand and when to use them as well as a strange-sounding technique to cut your solvent usage. A systematic approach to locating problems will be presented next. Then we ll look at how to get the most out of data acquisition hardware. 

Your organization failed to document the selection and design specification of the catheter testing equipment, including the computer system, software, data acquisition hardware, and meters. 

It has been a long way from the early pulse radiolysis experiments where pictures were taken from the oscilloscope screen, via the first application of a computer to record experimental curves, to today s computer-aided kinetic experiments. Such a computer-aided experiment should feature easy performance, precision in calculating data, and, most importantly, should eliminate human error. However, a certain standard in data acquisition hardware is also required, such as depicted in Fig. 5 for the simultaneous recording of two channels. The hardware for processing the electrical signals is the same for both channels allowing various detectors, such as photomultipliers, semiconductor photodiodes, or circuits for detecting conductometric... 

Figure 5 is a block diagram showing the data acquisition hardware. Since the LDA is self-scanned, the only control the CPU can have on the LDA is to initiate the scan (readout) process. By controlling the timing of the initiation signal, the CPU controls... 

Hardware. To employ the IDA, the user must supply a clock signal, a begin scan signal, and data acquisition hardware. The hardware to accomplish this has been based on a PDP 11/20 minicomputer or a KIM microcomputer plus additional external hardware (13-15). The clock signal determines the rate at which the diodes are interrogated during readout and was 33 kHz with the minicomputer and 125 kHz with the microcomputer. This means the time to read out all 512 diodes and hence the minimum integration time varies from 15 ms to 3.7 ms, respectively. For the microcomputer, direct memory access (DMA) circuitry was used to increase the data acquisition rate. 

Hz however, higher repetition rafe lasers radiaf-ing in the same wavelength region do exist. The problem with using these high repetition rate lasers is that the CARS data acquisition hardware is limited by the rate at which it can store the spectra. If fhe number of points per spectrum was reduced and/or the data capture rate limit is increased then lasers with higher repetition rate could be used. The next most important component in the CARS setup is the detection system. As indicated above, a sensitive detector with the least susceptibility to noise and non-linearities will result in measurements with the least machine dependant statistics. Commercially available dye lasers can be used for the Stokes laser however, for reasons of expediency, simplicity, and economy, a home built dye laser is sufficient. 

A schematic of the system is shown in Figure 14.10. The processing unit contained a TDL source and associated laser control equipment a rackmount industrial PC with data acquisition hardware and data processing software, and other ancillary components. The processing unit was located in an office next to the control room. 

The reader should recognize immediately that the analog multiplexer need not provide the slow step in an overall data-acquisition process. Indeed, the slower processes will be associated with the data-acquisition hardware and software that follow the analog multiplexer. Another point is that it is impossible for the multiplexer to sample independent waveforms in a truly simultaneous fashion. Some finite time-interval must exist between samplings of different channels. The manner in which this problem is handled will depend on the need for acquiring truly simultaneous data from the different channels. 

Application Data acquisition hardware Detector type used References... 

The area of reverse engineering is developing in several directions development of new methods and technologies, improvement of tools for data acquisition (hardware) and data processing (software) in terms of the accuracy and acceleration of the process itself, and usage of RE methods in new applications. Several important papers deal with the development in each of these areas. 

More recently, solid-state and optical sensors for humidity and oxygen detection have been reported (Khijwania et al., 2005 Steele et al., 2006, 2009 Lee et al, 2009 Inman et al., 2010). These sensors are small, chemically stable, and minimally intrusive in typical PEMFC environments. They also enable transient measurements that approach the temporal resolution provided by available electrochemical and data-acquisition hardware (<1 s). 

Figure 9.21 is the output. The multcompare function provides an interactive plot that we can use to test for differences across groups. For example, if you click on L3, you can see that it is different from 12 sensors. Therefore, L3 must be the sensor that is wrong (i.e., odd in the sense that it is so different from all other sensors). On the other hand, R3 is only different from five other sensors. We do not know the cause of L3 s oddness. It could be bad data acquisition hardware, improper installation or placement of the L3 sensor, or some other reason. The point is that L3 s values are suspicious and will be removed from further analysis. The command ... 

Ever since personal computers (PCs) were introduced, they have been used in measurement apphcations employing different techniques. PCs have now evolved into one of the basic tools in the laboratory, industry, biology, medicine, etc. for measurement apphcations. In order to use a PC in measurement apphcations, data acquisition hardware and a standard interface are required. Data acquisition hardware generally includes sensors, signal conditioners, and ADCs. A standard interface is required to transfer the converted data from a data acquisition system to a PC. There are two major techniques by which computers can be cormected to its peripherals, namely serial and parallel communication. 

Interfaces like IEEE-488, RS-232, and SCSI are designed for the interconnection of different stand-alone modules. These interfaces are also effectively used in transfer of measurement data from external data acquisition hardware to PC. IEEE-488 and SCSI interfaces enable networking of modular devices and transfer of data between all the devices on the network. 

Present-day PCs do not have 8-bit/16-bit ISA slots, EISA slots and hence they are obsolete. Communication through the internal bus has the advantage of low cost, high speed, and smaller size data acquisition hardware. The data acquisition hardware can be built directly on the card that provides an interface with the internal bus. The PC can address the I/O port or a memory location on the data acquisition system to transfer the data to... 

PCI Express is a serial communication version of PCI bus and is a high-speed, low-voltage, differential signaling bus for two devices to communicate with each other. PCI Express uses a protocol that allows devices to communicate simultaneously by implementing dual unidirectional paths between two devices. PCI Express compatible data acquisition hardware (called as PXI Express) has been introduced in 2005 in the market. 

The PC set-up peiionned as designed The data acquisition hardware worked as expected, and the... 

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