Copper exposure

Serra A, Guasch H (2009). Effects of chronic copper exposure on fluvial systems linking stmctural and physiological changes of fluvial biofilms with the in-stream copper retention. Sci Tot Environ 407 5274... 

Khangarot, B.S. and D.M. Tripathi. 1991. Changes in humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and in skin and respiratory surfaces of catfish, Saccobranchus fossilis, following copper exposure. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety 22 291-308. 

Klima, K.E. and F.M. Applehans. 1990. Copper exposure and the degeneration of olfactory receptors in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Chem. Spec. Bioavail. 2 149-154. 

Koivisto, S., M. Ketola, and M. Walls. 1992. Comparison of five cladoceran species in short-and long-term copper exposure. Hydrobiologia 248-125-136. 

Scott-Fordsmand, J.J. and M.H. Depledge. 1993. The influence of starvation and copper exposure on the composition of the dorsal carapace and distribution of trace metals in the shore crab Carcinus maenas (L.). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 106C 537-543. 

It has recently been noted that if copper-induced MEE does occur, it is a very rare event. Despite extensive use of copper in many industries, only a handful of MEE cases are reported in the literature. Further limitations of these reports include possible contamination of the fume by other substances more likely to have caused MFF, atypical symptoms and complaints, and lack of consistency among types of work associated with symptoms. One reason that MFF may have rarely been described after copper exposure is that aerosolized copper particulates formed during welding, thermal cutting, and other hot work are mostly greater than respirable or submicron size. Studies of air in a brass foundry found that only 5% of the total copper exposure was respirable (aerosol less than or equal to 1 )im), whereas 40% of the zinc oxide exposures were to an aerosolized particulate of respirable size. ... 

Cohen SR A review of the health hazards from copper exposure. J Occup Med 16 621-624, 1974... 

Borak J, Cohen H, Hethmon TA Copper exposure and metal fume fever lack of causal relationship. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 61(6) 832-836, 2000... 

Erickson et al. (1996) showed that a wide range in 96-hour LC50 values resulted from adjustments to the pH, DOC, alkalinity, and hardness conditions of the test waters. The BLM was used to predict the effects of copper exposure to fathead minnow. Input data to the BLM included measured water chemistry (pH, DOC, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl, S04, and C03 concentrations). The BLM predicts the total copper LC50 values, based on the amount of copper necessary for accumulating lethal biotic ligand concentrations as presented in Table 2.8. The predicted LC50 can be compared to the measured total concentrations in the field. 

As for the sources of contamination from air which are likely to cause respiratory ailments, the primary contributor is fungicide sprays containing copper sulfate solutions (24), Another major source is copper mines and copper industries, where copper concentration in the environment may reach as high as 1% (J3). A most recent contributor to serious copper exposure in the female is the copper-containing intrauterine contraceptive device (25,26,27),... 

Svendsen, C. and Weeks, J.M. (1997) Relevance and applicability of a simple earthworm biomarker of copper exposure 1. Links to ecological effects in a laboratory study with Eisenia andrei. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 36, 72-79. 

Hawkins, A.J.S., Rusin, J., Bayne, B.L. and Day, A.J. (1989) The metabolic/physiological basis of genotype-dependent mortality during copper exposure in Mytilus edulis. Mar. Environ. Res., 28, 253-257. 

De Boeck, G., Ngo, T.T.H., Van Campenhout, K. and Blust, R. (2003) Differential metallothio-nein induction patterns in three freshwater fish during sub-lethal copper exposure. Aquatic Toxicology, 65, 413 124. 

Mazon, A.F., C.C. Cerqueira and M.N. Fernandes. Gill cellular changes induced by copper exposure in the South American tropical freshwater fish Prochilodus scrofa. Environ. Res. 88 52-63, 2002. 

Our results are at odds with those of Dang et al.A1 showing that copper exposure for 5 days in vivo reduced GR-immunoreactivity (ir) in rainbow trout branchial cells. The decrease in GR-ir was inversely related to MT-ir in gills. The difference in response... 

De Boeck, G., B. De Wachter, A. Vlaeminck and R. Blust. Effect of cortisol treatment and/or sublethal copper exposure on copper uptake and heat shock protein levels in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 22 1122-1126, 2003. 

The toxic effects of copper on invertebrates in the soil depend upon the copper concentration, the type of soil, the mass of organic material (especially humic acid), the temperature and pH, to name the few most important. Moreover, species also differ in their sensitivity and tolerance to copper exposure. 

Adalsteinsson S (1994) Compensatory root growth in winter wheat - effects of copper exposure on root geometry and nutrient distribution. J Plant Nutr 17 1501-1512. 

Copper exposures at 20 pg/L or higher induce degenerating effects on the olfactory receptor cells in fish (Saucier and Astic 1995). Since it is a normal process that receptor cells are regenerating in the olfactory epithelium of fish and other vertebrates as long as basal cells are present, new functional olfactory cells will be continuously produced and the animal can recover its sense of smell (e.g. Zippel 1993). There will, however, be problems if the fish remains in contaminated water and the olfactory epithelium does not acclimate and protect the receptor cells from metal toxicity (e.g. by metal-lothioneins, mucus production). It has been shown that olfactory receptor neurons can be a transport route of metal ions and organic molecules to the olfactory bulbs and the brain in vertebrates, fish included, with severe disturbing effects on the function of the CNS (e.g. Tjalve and Henriksson 1999 Persson et al. 2002). 

Copper exposure of Colorado pike minnow (Ptychocheilus lucius) reduced the fishes ability to show a fright response to conspecific skin extract (Beyers and Farmer 2001) and the negative effect increased with concentration. Interestingly the... 

C. Systemic absorption can produce hepatic and renal tubular injury. Hemolysis has been associated with copper exposure from hemodialysis equipment or absorption through burned skin. 

Alopecia from thallium is no longer an occupational problem. Cases of accidental discoloration of hair (copper, cobalt, and silver) and nails (mercury, lead, silver and chromium) by occupational exposure are nowadays rarely seen at outpatient clinics. Green hair from copper exposure is mainly non-occupational. 

Craig, RM., C.M. Wood, and G.B. McClelland. 2010. Water chemistry alters gene expression and physiological end points of chronic waterborne copper exposure in zebrafish, Danio rerio. Environ. Sci. Technol. 44 2156—2162. 

De Schamphelaere, K. A., and C.R. Janssen. 2004c. Effects of chronic dietary copper exposure on growth and reprodnction of Daphnia magna. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 23 2038-2047. 

Van Genderen, E.J., J.R. Tomasso, and S.J. Klaine. 2008. Influence of copper exposure on whole-body sodium levels in larval fathead minnows Pimephales promelas). Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 27 1442-1449. 

Kitazawa, M., Cheng, D., and Laferla, E.M. 2009. Chronic copper exposure exacerbates both amyloid and tau pathology and selectively dysregulates cdk5 in a mouse model of AD. Journal of Neurochemistry, 108(6), 1550 1560. doi 10.1111/j.l471-4159.2009.05901.x... 

The data available in the literature show that various conditions of oxide formation were used anodic oxidation of copper, exposure of Cu electrode in contact with solution under open-circuit conditions, calcination of Cu in the open atmosphere, and so on. Surface oxides developed during anodic polarization of... 

SPME-MS-MVA applications reported to date have used the Varian Saturn ion trap mass spectrometer and 75- J,m Carboxen/PDMS as the SPME fiber (13,14). In one study, for example, SPME-MS-MVA was used to classify various types of food samples according to the level of oxidized off-flavors they contained (14). Mass fragmentation data resulting from the unresolved food volatile components were subjected to MVA. The mass intensities from m/z 50 to m/z 150 were selected to perform MVA. PGA based on SPME-MS-MVA provided rapid differentiation of the following types of samples control soybean oil from oxidized soybean oil that was exposed to fluorescent light for various time periods control nondairy coffee creamer from complaint ( oxidized ) nondairy coffee creamer samples fresh boiled beef from boiled beef with various levels of warmed-over flavor (WOE) and control 2% reduced-fat milk samples from 2% reduced-fat milk samples abused by light or copper exposure. 

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