Daphnia magna

AH of the propylene glycols are considered to be practically nontoxic to fish on an acute basis (LC q < 100 mg/L) and practically nontoxic to aquatic invertebrates, also on an acute basis. Acute marine toxicology testing (38) on propylene glycol showed that the 96-h LC q for fathead minnows was 54,900 mg/L and the 48-h LC q for Daphnia magna was 34,400 mg/L. A 24-h NOEL of 50,000 mg/L was also observed for fingerling trout. Similar results were observed for guppies and rainbow trout (39). 

Aquatic toxicity is reported in mg/L for Pimepha/espromealas (fathead minnow), 69-h LC q 7650 (17) for Daphnia magna (water flea), 48-h EC q 3310 (18) for Mjriophjllum spicatum (water milfoil), phytotoxicity (EC q for growth) 5962 (19) and for Pana breviceps (frog), no observed effect concentration (NOEC) 400 (20). LC q and EC q are lethal and effect concentrations, respectively, for 50% of the subjects tested. 

By results of biotesting sewage dumped in a reservoir the payment for toxie dump pays off. More often in toxieologieal experiments as test-objeet ai e used Daphnia. Toxieity of water of eity reservoirs of Astrakhan during the different periods 2004 by use Daphnia magna is investigated. Results of reseai ehes are shown in the table. 

Definition of a degree of toxieity of water with Daphnia magna during 2004... 

Bacteria- Escherichia coli Creen algae-Scenedesmus quadricauda Daphnia magna Protozoa microregma... 

Secondary alkanesulfonate in effluent has no toxic effect on the fish food organism Daphnia magna. 

Daphnid Daphnia magna) MMTC 24-h EC50 (immobiiization) 90 90 Vighi Caiamari (1985)... 

Daphnid Daphnia magna) MMT(EHMA) 21-day NOEC (reproduction and mortaiity) 0.14 0.05 de Roode de Haan (2004a)... 

Daphnid Daphnia magna) DMTC 48-h EC50 (immobilization) 17 17 Hooftman de Wolf (2003c)... 

Daphnid (Daphnia magna) DBTC 48-h ECso (immobilization) 1.4 1.4 ABC (1990a)... 

Daphnid (Daphnia magna) DBTC 21-day NOEC (survival and reproduction) 0.015 = highest concentration tested 0.015 ABC (1990b)... 

Daphnid Daphnia magna) DOTO 24-h ECso (immobilization) >saturated solution >saturated solution Ciba-Geigy Ltd (1988e)... 

Daphnid Daphnia magna) DOTC 21-day NOEC (survival and growth) 0.4 0.4 Schering AG (1999d)... 

Dimethyltirf. Acute toxicity studies were identified for dimethyltin for algae, invertebrates, and fish. Chronic NOECs were available for algae and invertebrates. A chronic NOEC of 0.2 mg/1 for dimethyltin chloride in Daphnia magna was the lowest reported result the result has been corrected to the chloride salt for comparison with the majority of test results. Since there were no long-term test results available for fish, it was necessary to apply an uncertainty factor of 50 to the critical study. 

Monobutyltirr. Four acute toxicity studies were identified for monobutyltin chloride. The critical study was an acute EC50, based on immobilization, for Daphnia magna at a concentration of 25 mg/1. All four tests were acute, and, in the absence of long-term tests, it was decided to apply an uncertainty factor of 1000. 

Dibutyltin. A larger data set exists for dibutyltin, including both acute and long-term test results. The lowest concentration identified was a chronic NOEC of 0.015 mg/1 for Daphnia magna exposure to dibutyltin chloride. Long-term values were available across three trophic levels, and, therefore, an uncertainty factor of 10 was considered appropriate. 

ABC (1990a) Acute toxicity ofdibutyitin dichioride to Daphnia magna. Sponsored by the Censertium ef Tributyltin Manufacturers (M T Chemicals, Inc., Woedbridge, NJ, and Sherex Chemicals Co., Inc., Dublin, OH). Study conducted by Analytical Bio-Chemistry Laberateries, Celumbia, MO, 6 June (ABC Final Report No. 38309). 

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