Physiology and metabolism

We generally try to use as few descriptors as possible and to relate them wherever possible to the known or expected physiological and metabolic behavior of the test compounds. 

It should be noted in closing that the n values in the Druckrey-Preussmann expression probably represent a net contribution of various physiological and metabolic properties of the test animals. Thus, while investigating a series of carcinogens in a given species, these can be assumed to be constant for each chemical. The relative properties of the compounds will then reflect only differences in the molecular structure of the test substances. 

I. Matsuda, A. Higashi, and N. Inotsume, Physiologic and metabolic aspects of anticonvulsants, Pediatr. Clin. North Am, 36, 1099, (1989). 

Successful bioremediation requires microbes and suitable environmental factors for degradation to occur. The most suitable microbes are bacteria or fungi that have the physiological and metabolic capabilities to degrade the pollutants. 

For in vitro toxicity studies and assessment of the barrier function, drug transport, cell physiology, and metabolism as well as the development of delivery systems, cell culture models provide powerful systems for scientific research. As the corneal epithelium is the main barrier for ocular penetration, various corneal epithelial cell cultures were established besides the corneal constructs that mimic the whole cornea and serve as reductionist models for the ocular barrier. In general, two types of cell culture models are available primary cell cultures and immortalized, continuous cell lines. 

Both physiological and metabolic factors play a role in regulation of blood pressure. The former involves the vasomotor centre at the base of the brain and the basoreceptor located in the carotid sinus and the aortic arch. These mechanisms provide short-term regulation of the blood pressure, which is not discussed in this book. 

P. P. Nair and D. Kritchevski, The Bile Acids Chemistry, Physiology and Metabolism Volume 1, Chemistry, Plenum Press, NY, 1971, p. 289. 

Kutchan T, Dixon RA, Physiology and Metabolism. Secondary Metabolism Nature s chemical reservoir under deconvolution, Curr Opinion Plant Biol 8 ... 

Barrenetxe J, Delagrange P, Martinez JA Physiologic and metabolic functions of melatonin. J Physiol Biochem 2004 60 61. [PMID 15352385]... 

Setchell KDR, Street JM, Sjovall J (1988) Methods and applications. In Setchell KDR, Kritchevsky D, Nair PP (eds) The Bile Acids Chemistry, Physiology and Metabolism. Plenum, London, p 441... 

TABLE 23-6 Physiological and Metabolic Effects of Epinephrine Preparation for Action... 

Steroid Hormones. Generally, steroid hormones arc mctaholically short-lived steroids produced in small amounts by various endocrine glands. They serve as chemical messengers that regulate a variety of physiological and metabolic activities in vertehrates. Steroid hormones bind to soluble, intracellular receptor molecules. In the nucleus of... 

More detailed information on the biochemistry, physiology, and metabolism of vitamin Bl2 is... 

The relative bioavailability of free and bound biotin is not entirely clear (179,180) for example, the biotin present in many cereals and oilseeds is largely unavailable to animals. In addition, the bioavailability of biotin can be significantly impaired by avidin, a biotin-binding protein found in egg white. The physiology and metabolism of biotin has been recently reviewed (179,180). 

Bieleski, R.L. Ferguson, J.B. (1983). Physiology and metabolism of phosphate and its compounds. In Inorganic Plant Nutrition, Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Series, Vol. 15A, ed. A. Lauchli R.L. Bielski, pp. 422-49. Berlin Springer-Verlag. 

Recently, it was demonstrated in a diamond anvil cell that Shewanella oneidensis and Escherichia coli strains remain physiologically and metabol-ically active at pressures of 680 to 16,800 bars for up to 30 h (Sharma et al. 2002). At pressures of 12,000 to 16,000 bars, living bacteria resided in fluid inclusions in Ice VI crystals and continued to be viable when pressure returned to 1 bar. However, only 1% remained alive whether this constitutes viability or survival under pressure is contentious (Couzin 2002). Nevertheless, it demonstrates that pressure may not be much of an impediment for some life forms, and that even the deep ocean of Ganymede might be suitable for life. 

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