Olfactory receptor neuron

Allen W.K. and Akeson R. (1985). Identification of an olfactory receptor neuron subclass cellular and molecular analysis during development. Dev Biol 109, 393-401. 

Eisthen H.L. (2000b). Neuromodulatory effects of gonadotropin releasing hormone on olfactory receptor neurons (Necturus maculosus). Neuroscience 20, 3947-3955. 

Hansen A. and Finger T. (2000). Phyletic distribution of crypt-type olfactory receptor neurons in fishes. Brain Behav Evoi 55, 100-110. 

Krishna N., Getchell T.V., Margolis F. and Getchell M.L. (1992). Amphibian olfactory receptor neurons express olfactory marker protein. Brain Res 593, 295-298. 

O Connell R.J., Constanzo R.M. and Hildebrandt J.D. (1990). Adenylyl cyclase activation and electrophysiological responses elicited in male hamster olfactory receptor neurons by components of female pheromones. Chem Senses 15, 725-740. 

Chen, T. Y. and Yau, K. W. Direct modulation by Ca2+-calmodulin of cyclic nucleotide-activated channel of rat olfactory receptor neurons. Nature 368 545-548,1994. 

Spehr, M. et al. 3-phosphoinositides modulate cyclic nucleotide signaling in olfactory receptor neurons. Neuron 33 731-739, 2002. 

Ma, D., Allen, N.D., Van Bergen, Y.C., Jones, C.M., Baum, M.J., Keverne, E.B. and Brennan, P.A. (2002) Selective ablation of olfactory receptor neurons without functional impairement of vomeronasal receptor neurons in OMP-ntr transgenic mice. Eur. J. Neurosci. 16, 2317-2323. 

Fig-1 Schematic view of the overall olfactory processing in insects. Pheromones and other semiochemicals are detected by specialized sensilla on the antennae, where the chemical signal is transduced into nervous activity. The olfactory receptor neurons in the semiochemi-cal-detecting sensilla are connected directly to the antennal lobe. Here the semiochemical-derived electrical signals are processed and sent out (through projection neurons) to the protocerebrum. Olfactory information is then integrated with other stimulus modalities, a decision is made, and the motor system is told what to do... 

Duchamp-Viret, P., Chaput, M. A. and Duchamp, A. (1999). Odor response properties of rat olfactory receptor neurons. Science 284,2171-2174. 

In the weevil Pissodes notatus (Goleoptera), single olfactory receptor neurones on the antennae were screened for sensitivity to naturally produced plant volatiles The two most abundant types responded to a-pinene, (3-pinene and 3-carene and to isopinocamphone and pinocamphone, respectively. Major as well as minor constituents of plant volatile blends were employed for host and non-host detection, mainly including monoterpenes (bicyclic and monocyclic) [382]. 

Hansson, B. S., Larsson, M.D. and Leal, W. S. (1999). Green leaf volatile-detecting olfactory receptor neurones display very high sensitivity and specificity in a scarab beetle. Physiological Entomology 24 121-126. 

Grant, A. J., O Connell, R. J. and Eisner, T. (1989). Pheromone-mediated sexual selection in the moth Utetheisa ornatrix olfactory receptor neurons responsive to a male-produced pheromone. Journal of Insect Behavior 2 371-385. 

Michel, W. C., Trapido-Rosenthal, H. G., Chao, E. T., and Wachowiak, M., Stereoselective detection of amino acids by lobster olfactory receptor neurons, J. Comp. Physiol. A, 171, 705, 1993. 

Fadool, D. A. and Ache, B. W., Plasma membrane inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-activated channels mediate signal transduction in lobster olfactory receptor neurons, Neuron, 9, 907, 1992. 

Xu, F., Hollins, B., Landers, T. M., and McClintock, T. S., Molecular cloning of a lobster Gp subunit enriched in neurites of olfactory receptor neurons and brain interneurons, J. Neurobiol., 36, 525,1998. 

Clyne P. J., Certel S., de Bruyne M., Zaslavsky L., Johnson W., Carlson J. R. (1999) The odor-specificities of a subset of olfactory receptor neurons are governed by acj6, a POU domain transcription factor. Neuron 22, 339-347. 

As is the case for all sensory pathways, the capacity to perceive and respond to olfactory cues (odorants) is the combined result of events that take place in both peripheral and central processing centers. These steps, which will be discussed in detail below, begin with the molecular transduction of chemical signals in the form of odorants into electrical activity by olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) in the periphery whose axonal projections form characteristic synaptic connections with elements of the central nervous system (CNS). Within the CNS, complex patterns of olfactory signals are integrated and otherwise processed to afford recognition and ultimately, the behavioral responses to the insect s chemical environment. Within the context of pheromone recognition these responses would likely be centered on various elements of the insect s reproductive cycle. 

Blaustein D. N., Simmons R. B., Burgess M. F., Derby C. D., Nishikawa M. and Olson K. S. (1993). Ultrastructural localization of 5 AMP odorant receptor sites on the dendrites of olfactory receptor neurons of the spiny lobster. J. Neurosci. 13, 2821-2828. 

The biochemistry of odor detection involves at least three types of protein odor receptors (ORs) odorant binding proteins (OBPs) and odor degrading enzymes (ODEs). ORs are expressed by olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) and localized in the membranes of the ciliated dendrites (Figure 14.1). The result of detection is translated into neuronal electrical activity by transductory proteins. But while transductory proteins are more or less common for all olfactory neurons, differential expression of ORs, OBPs and ODEs allows the neurons to detect specific odor molecules. 

Vogt R. G., Prestwich G. D. and Lemer M. R. (1991a) Odorant-binding-protein subfamilies associate with distinct classes of olfactory receptor neurons in insects. J. Neurobiol. 22, 74-84. 

Recently, a putative olfactory receptor from Drosophila, Or43a (Clyne et al., 1999 Vosshall et al., 1999), has been expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes (Wetzel et al., 2001). The receptor expressed in a heterologous cell system was activated by four odorants, i.e. cyclohexanone, cyclohexanol, benzaldehyde, and benzyl alcohol (Wetzel et al., 2001). These experiments not only provided direct evidence for the function of the Or gene, but also demonstrated that the olfactory receptor can be stimulated without an odorant-binding protein. It was demonstrated earlier that PBP was not necessary to obtain pheromone-dependent responses in cultured olfactory receptor neurons of Manduca sexta (Stengl et al., 1992). The possibility that OBPs have been produced in vitro and were present in cultured ORNs could not be excluded. The same argument can not be raised for the heterologous expression of the Drosophila olfactory receptor. While the evidence that Xenopus oocytes responded to odorants in the absence of OBPs does not support the OBP-odorant complex model, it also demonstrated that OBPs are essential for the kinetics of the olfactory system (see below). 

Larsson M. C., Leal W. S. and Hansson B. S. (2001) Olfactory receptor neurons detecting plant odours and male volatiles in Anomala cuprea beetles (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae). J. Insect Physiol. 47, 1065-1076. 

Nikonov A. A., Valiyaveettil J. T. and Leal W. S. (2001) A photoaffinity-labeled green leaf volatile compound tricks highly selective and sensitive insect olfactory receptor neurons. Chem. Senses 26, 49-54. 

Stengl M., Zufall F., Hatt H. and Hildebrand J. G. (1992). Olfactory receptor neurons from antennae of developing male Manduca sexta respond to components of the species-specific sex pheromone in vitro. J. Neurosci. 12, 2523-2531. 

Heinbockel T. and Kaissling K. E. (1996) Variability of olfactory receptor neuron responses of female silkmoths (Bombyx mori L.) to benzoic acid and (+/-)-linalool. J. Insect Physiol. 42, 565-578. 

Renou M. and Lucas R (1994) Sex pheromone reception in Mamestra brassicae L. (Lepidoptera) responses of olfactory receptor neurones to minor components of the pheromone blend. J. Insect Physiol. 40, 75-85. 

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