Freshwater fish

EEC Directive on information on water pollution 78/176/EEC Directive on titanium dioxide waste 78/659/EEC Directive on water standards for freshwater fish 79/115/EEC Directive on pilotage of sea vessels... 

Consultants are equipped to monitor the quality of freshwater, estuarine and marine environments and can make field measurements of a variety of water-quality parameters in response to pollution incidents. For example, reasons for the mortality of marine shellfish and farmed freshwater fish have been determined using portable water-analysis equipment. Various items of field equipment are, of course, also employed in baseline studies and monitoring, respectively, before and after the introduction of new effluent-disposal schemes. 

There are limited data on measured BCFs in freshwater fish. The results are summarized in Table 9, together with predicted values from BUSES. 

Exposure of two species of freshwater fish to 0.106 ppb of a commercial formulation containing 50% methyl parathion increased serum levels of T3 and reduced T4 (Bhattacharya 1993). This effect was attributed to inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity in the fish brain, but no direct evidence was presented. Similar treatment of freshwater perch for 35 days resulted in decreased release of progesterone from the ovaries (Bhattacharya and Mondal 1997). Also, treatment of freshwater perch for up to 90 days with methyl parathion induced a decrease in the gonadosomatic index (not defined) after day 15 of... 

Patil M, Kulkami RS. 1996. Ovarian lipid and cholesterol response to Sumaach (a crude form of HCG) under pesticide treatment in the freshwater fish, Channapunctatus (Bloch). Proc Natl Acad Sci India Sect B 66 135-137. 

Brian, J.V., Harris, C.A., and Scholze, M. et al. (2005). Accurate prediction of the response of freshwater fish to a mixture of estrogenic chemicals. Environmental Health Perspectives 113, 721-728. 

Fent, K. and Bucheli, T.D. (1994). Inhibitors of hepatic microsomal monooxygenase system by organotins in vitro in freshwater fish. Aquatic Toxicology 28, 107-126. 

Hale, R.C., La Guardia, M.J., and Harvey, E.P. et al. (2001). Polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants in Virginia freshwater fishes (USA). Environmental Science and Technology 35, 4585 591. 

Wiener JG, Spry DJ. 1996. Toxicological significance of mercury in freshwater fish. In Beyer WN, Heinz GH, Redmon-Norwood AW, editors. Environmental contaminants in wildlife interpreting tissue concentrations. Boca Raton (FL) Lewis Publishers, p. 297-339. 

Scott WB, Crossman EJ. 1973. Freshwater fishes of Canada. Ottawa, Ontario Fish Res Board Can Bull 184. 966 p. 

Cumbie PM. 1975b. Mercury levels in Georgia otter, mink, and freshwater fish. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 14 193-196. 

Dansereau M, Lariviere N, Du Tremblay D, Belanger D. 1999. Reproductive performance of two generations of female semidomesticated mink fed diets containing organic mercury contaminated freshwater fish. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 36 221-226. 

Schmitt CJ, Brumbaugh WG. 1990. National contaminant biomonitoring program concentration of arsenic, cadmium, cooper, lead, mercury, selenium, and zinc in U.S. freshwater fish, 1976-1984. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 19 731-747. 

Tulasi SJ, Reddy PUM, Rao JV. 1992. Accumulation of lead and effects on total lipids and lipid derivatives in the freshwater fish Anabas testudineus (Bioch). Ecotoxicol Environ Safety 23 33-38. 

Elvira B (1995) Native and exotic freshwater fishes in Spanish river basins. Freshw Biol 33 103-108... 

Elvira B, Almodovar A (2001) Freshwater fish introductions in Spain facts and figures at the beginning of the 21st century. J Fish Biol 59 323-331... 

Lopez-Martin J, Ruiz-Olmo J, Borrell A (1995) Levels of organochlorine compounds in freshwater fish from Catalonia, N.E. Spain. Chemosphere 31(6) 3523-3535... 

During the last 5 years, a few studies have been published demonstrating that aquatic biota is able to accumulate BDE-209. Lepom et al. [43] first reported the occurrence of BDE-209 in freshwater fish in Europe, with concentrations up to 37 ng/g lw. Similar results were obtained by Burreau et al. [10], who detected BDE-209 in three different fish species from rural waters of the Lumpam estuary in the... 

Northern pike (Esox lucius), an esocidae species, is considered one of the most widely distributed freshwater fish [57]. It is a piscivorous species, consisting its diet on common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and roach Rutilus rutilus). Nevertheless, in the absence of prey fish, invertebrate feeding could be important for this species [58, 59]. 

Raldua D, Pedrocchi C (1996) Mercury concentrations in three species of freshwater fishes from the lower Gallego and Cinca Rivers, Spain. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 57 597-602... 

Benejam L, Benito J, Garcia-Berthou E (2009) Decreases in condition and fecundity of freshwater fishes in a highly polluted reservoir. Water Air Soil Pollut. doi 10.1007/sll270-009-0245-z... 

Summary of lethal and sublethal effects of free cyanide on freshwater fish... 

Studies of 30 to 60 days duration with three comparatively sensitive species of freshwater fishes demonstrated that concentrations of >1 and <3 pg Cd/L in water of low alkalinity caused reductions in growth, survival, and fecundity of brook trout (Salvelinusfontinalis), the most sensitive species tested (Table 1.3). Under conditions of increasing alkalinity, the maximum allowable cadmium concentration range for brook trout increased to >7 and <12 pg/L a similar case was made for the walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum Table 1.3). 

Adapted from Brungs, W.A., R.A. Carlson, W.B. Horning II, J.H. McCormick, R.L. Spehar, and J.D. Young. 1978. Effects of pollution on freshwater fish. Jour. Water Pollut. Control Fed. 50 1582-1637. 

Kumada, H., S. Kimura, and M. Yokote, and Y. Matida. 1973. Acute and chronic toxicity, uptake and retention of cadmium in freshwater organisms. Bull. Freshwater Fish. Res. Lab. (Tokyo) 22 157-165. 

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