Construction applications

Pre-formed sealing tapes are widely used in construction applications and for glazing applications in automotive glass. 

Several large applications for one-component moisture-cure urethane adhesives are available. Polymeric MDI is an exceptional binder for wood products, such as oriented strand board and particleboard. One-component urethane windshield adhesives are used almost exclusively in both the OEM and automotive aftermarket. One-part urethane adhesives are used to assemble the sidewalls for recreational vehicles (RV s), manufactured housing, and mobile homes. In construction applications, one-part urethanes are used to bond metal doors, hardwood flooring, panels, and partitions. 

Products Driving forces Threats Acrylic, EPDM/EPR, MBS/ABS/MABS Growth in PVC consumption (construction applications) Negative sentiments PVC... 

Cooled and solidified slag is crushed and screened to recover metafiles for recycle or reuse and the lower metallic aggregate is used in construction applications. The slag produced in EAFs is either reused or landfilled. EAF dust is conveyed into a gas cleaning system.1... 

Simple construction Application of biomass alone is limited, practically only in cogasification... 

Aluminum wrought alloy 3004, 2 328t construction application, 2 340 disperdoids in, 2 306, 307 weathering, 2 336t... 

Construction applications for unsaturated polyesters resins can be sub-divide into four significant segments, as follows ... 

There are perhaps hundreds of miscellaneous unsaturated polyester resin construction applications. These would include window frames, doors, cabinet enclosures, electrical boxes, etc. In addition, recent developments bode well for unsaturated polyesters in construction markets. Concrete rebar, bridge construction and general infrastructure repair are examples of growing construction applications. 

When added to the opportunities that are now being created through tax incentives for environmentally responsible commercial and residential construction, flexible foams in housing and construction applications appear to be headed for future growth. 

Of the several types of the polymer-modified mortars and concretes used for various construction applications, latex-modified mortar and concrete are by far the most widely used materials. Latex-modified mortar and concrete are prepared by mixing a latex, either in a dispersed liquid or as a redispersible powder form with fresh cement mortar and concrete mixtures. The polymers are usually added to the mixing water just as other chemical admixtures, at a dosage of 5-20% by weight of cement. Polymer latexes are stable dispersions of very small (0.05-5 pm in diameter) polymer particles in water and are produced by emulsion polymerization. Natural rubber latex and epoxy latex are exceptions in that the former is tapped from rubber trees and the latter is produced by emulsifying an epoxy resin in water by the use of surfactants [87]. 

Limitations on the use of sulphur concrete are imposed by its high temperature and fire susceptibility. Although it will not sustain combustion, under applied flame the sulphur will burn to produce SO2. At temperatures above the melting point of sulphur, the product loses structural integrity. Thus sulphur concrete is best suited for outdoor and underground use as well as indoor construction applications where fire hazard is not a concern and building codes are not applied. 

The improved performance of SC over PCC is of importance not only in the applications such as corrosive industrial situations, but also in certain regular construction applications. In some areas of the world, the mineral aggregates available locally do not produce a PCC capable of withstanding the climate conditions. However, those aggregates may be used in SC to give durable building materials. Examples of this aspect of the use of sulfur concretes are sulfur concrete block projects developed by Ortega... 

Plywood is also favored for its resistance to splitting and punctures in normal construction applications. Thicknesses range from j (0.63 cm) to s in. (1.9 cm) with the common sheet dimension of 4 x 8 ft (1.2 x 2.4 m). The number of plies commonly range from three to five, but hardwood plywoods may have more. The outermost plies are called faces or face plies. Inner plies with the grain parallel to the face are called core(s) or center, whereas those with the grain direction perpendicular to the face are called the crossbands. 

Softwood plywood is usually used for construction application and is the type commonly found in local lumber and home center stores. The face plies are generally fir. Shipments in 1989 were estimated at 5.02 billion. The Pacific Northwest represented 42% of the total whereas 36% came from the South. 

Flat Glass. Flat glass is widely used in applications other than construction, such as automotive glass, etc, but approximately 57% of the flat glass is used in construction applications, mainly as windows. This represents about 2.2 billion worth of material in 1989 for the United States. 

Specialty Glass Products. Foam glass insulation and glass building blocks are two specialty glass products with construction applications. 

Ceramic Bonding, Inc. (CBI) was founded in 1987 to develop technology for reliable, inexpensive, on-site conversion of heavy metal hazardous wastes to safe, useful materials, such as fine aggregate for construction applications. CBI s principal mission is to provide equipment that can be used by industry to eliminate the need for costly and environmentally unwise disposal of toxics at Class I dumpsites. 

Worldwide production capacity of liquid polysulfides is about 33,000 t with manufacturing sites in the United States, Japan, and Germany. Total consumption is about 28,600 t. Approximately 50% is for insulating glass sealants, 30% for construction applications, and 10% for aircraft sealants. In addition, 909 t of the solid polysulfide rubbers are sold each year. 

The successful application of time-temperature superposition for polystyrene foam is particularly significant in that it allows prediction of long-term behavior from short-term measurements. This is of interest in building and construction applications. 

Housewares is another large segment of the use of polystyrenes. Refrigerator door liners and furniture panels are typical thermo formed impact polystyrene applications. Extruded profiles of solid or foamed impact polystyrene are used for mirror or picture frames, and moldings for construction applications. 

This instrument is the first design to become available commercially which gives a completely automated chemical analysis and the cost of which is within the reach of institutional laboratories. The balance of this section will be devoted to features of its construction, applicability to clinical testing methods, limitations, and potentialities. 

---