Markets construction

Plastics used in construction have gained popularity as alternative materials to wood and metals in China. The booming construction market increases the demand for construction-related plastic products. The consumption of plastics in the construction industry reached 2.9 million tonnes in 1998. The construction demand for plastics will increase by about 10.4% annually to 7.7 million tonnes by 2008. In 

40 Plastics China Technologies, Markets and Growth Strategies to 2008 

Plastic pipes have also been widely used in construction over the last decade. Plastic pipes are being substituted for copper pipes in commercial and residential buildings. China currently produces PVC, PE, PP and polybutylene pipes. In the past decade, many Chinese plastic pipe producers have imported advanced technology and equipment from foreign countries. The entire production line of polybutylene pipe was imported. China also imported over 100 PVC pipe production lines. PVC pipe is the dominant type of pipe used in the Chinese construction markets. In recent years, ABS and HDPE hot-water pipe and HDPE gas pipe have enjoyed rapid growth as well. 

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There are perhaps hundreds of miscellaneous unsaturated polyester resin construction applications. These would include window frames, doors, cabinet enclosures, electrical boxes, etc. In addition, recent developments bode well for unsaturated polyesters in construction markets. Concrete rebar, bridge construction and general infrastructure repair are examples of growing construction applications. 

Annual Production. The United States is the largest single producer of lumber with about 25% of all the logs cut in the world. The current soft housing and construction markets as well as environmental pressures to limit logging are reducing the percentage. Still the value of wood harvested was about 12.6 billion in 1989. 

Certain natural products have been used as experimental templates upon which to construct marketable products eg, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid which was conceived from the indole ring. 

Rigid vinyl foams in construction markets have grown substantially due to improved techniques to manufacture articles with controlled densities and smooth outer surfaces. Wood molding subsliluie for door frames and other wood producls is an area that has grown. Rigid vinyl foams arc also used in the manufacture of pipes and wires as resin extenders and in sidings and windows as the replacement of wood or wood substitutes. 

OSB is a newer product, being less than 25 years old. However, because small trees and crooked stems can be effectively utilized the raw material cost, compared to product cost, is about 38 percent. Plywood requires more than double the raw material cost. Lumber requires even more. As a result, OSB has rapidly gained acceptance in the construction market. OSB plant capacities exceed 20 million cubic meters annually more new plants are being constructed each year.1... 

The current polymer foam market is dominated by gas imbibed polystyrene, polyolefins and polyurethanes used in consumer products, packagings and construction markets. However, there is a growing market for high performance foam products. Insulation materials for aerospace, transportation and some construction industries are required to have higher temperature performance and non-flammability. In this respect polyimides are naturally the material of choice. 

The market for composite window materials is expanding because new production facilities are starting up throughout the word in countries which have not traditionally used this type of window. Even in countries where plastic windows are common only about 50% of windows are of this type. They enjoy about 80% of the replacement market but a smaller percentage of the new construction market. 

The introduction of the copper-based catalyst technology enabled I.C.I. and its licensees to obtain a large section of the methanol plant construction market. It effectively eliminated from the field the Vulcan Cincinnati Company which had enjoyed a large share of the U.S.A. methanol plant construction for the high pressure process. This was a result of the fact that whereas Vulcan... 

It is estimated that 615 million pounds of rigid polyurethane foam were made during 1979.(1). The market for these foamed plastics has been growing at an annual 15 percent rate for the last few years. It is projected that similar growth may resume in future years. The construction market is the key to future growth, as the greatest share of rigid polyurethane foam is used in thermal insulation applications. 

As we look ahead, more and more companies will find it desirable to construct marketing models in order to simulate and test, in whole or part, a proposed market development program. Participation by market development people, in constructing such models, will help sharpen and clarify the problems to be solved and the opportunities to be realized. 

U.S. annual welding expenditures, because mechanical fastening is the joining method of choice. However, the bulk of FSW development dollars has been spent by these sectors. As a result, the broader automotive, marine, heavy manufacturing, light manufacturing, and construction markets for FSW implementation have been neglected. 

There is a large and fast-growing literature on the economic value of changes in health risks. The theoretical foundations for wiUingness-to-pay (WTP) measures of risk changes have heen explored and seem to he quite solid (see, for example, Jones-Lee, 1976 Rosen, 1988 Viscusi, 1992, 1993 Johansson, 1995). There are also quite a few empirical studies of the value of changes in health risks. In fact, several different methods, based on behaviour either in actual markets or in hypothetical or constructed markets, have b een used to estimate the value of what is known as a statistical life . 

The engineer also will recognize that various systems are germane to the format development and site selection subprocess. These systems include the customer database, space management, property development and construction, market research, project appraisal, and contract management systems. 

Poly sulfide rubber was first produced in 1929, and the liquid polymers were used in sealants and as flexibilizers for epoxy adhesives around 1950. In 1952 the polysulfide sealant was introduced to the construction industry [11, p. 74]. In the 1950s the first butyl rubber caulks appeared in the construction market [11. p. 108] and latex caulks [vinyl acrylic and poly(vinyl acetate)] appeared sometime after 1956. 

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