Mobile homes

Thermal Insulation. Foamed plastics (qv) are used as thermal insulation for aU types of constmction because of their low heat- and moisture-transmission values. Polystyrene is used either as foamed board or expandable beads. The foam may be faced with a stmctural surfacing material, eg, a kraft liner-board, to form a panel for insulating mobile homes. These foams can dupHcate the appearance of wood and be used as trim. Foams can also be used as backing, for example, on aluminum siding, to provide heat and sound insulation. Foamed beads can be incorporated in concrete to reduce its density and provide some thermal insulation. 

Several large applications for one-component moisture-cure urethane adhesives are available. Polymeric MDI is an exceptional binder for wood products, such as oriented strand board and particleboard. One-component urethane windshield adhesives are used almost exclusively in both the OEM and automotive aftermarket. One-part urethane adhesives are used to assemble the sidewalls for recreational vehicles (RV s), manufactured housing, and mobile homes. In construction applications, one-part urethanes are used to bond metal doors, hardwood flooring, panels, and partitions. 

Installations of electric conductors and equipment within or on public and private buildings or other structures, including mobile homes, recreational vehicles, and floating buildings and other premises such as yards, carnival, parking, and other lots. 

Installations in ships, watercraft other than floating buildings, railway rolling stock, aircraft, or automotive vehicles other than mobile homes and recreational vehicles. 

There is a need for small compressors to be driven from low-voltage d.c. supplies. Typical cases are batteries on small boats and mobile homes, where these do not have a mains voltage alternator. It is also possible to obtain such a supply from a bank of solar cells. This requirement has been met in the past by diaphragm compressors driven by a crank and piston rod from a d.c. motor, or by vibrating solenoids. The advent of suitable electronic devices has made it possible to obtain the mains voltage a.c. supply for hermetic compressors from low-voltage d.c. 

Two years later I bought a stationary trailer, like a small mobile home. I thought that if I bought a new trailer I wouldn t have mold problems I didn t think about the formaldehyde and what it would do to my health. Even though I bought two fans and put them in the windows to pull the air out, I had bronchitis really bad by that evening. I had to disconnect the gas stove and central heat. I cook on a hot plate, which isn t much fun. 

Don Paladin served in the Vietnam War in the Army Security Agency. When his military duty ended he returned to college with a desire to teach special education. Upon completion of his master s degree he moved into a new mobile home and began the teaching career of his dreams. Five years later he consulted a physician due to severe fatigue. Told by the physician that he was sensitive to formaldehyde, Don moved out of the mobile home, although the... 

Sol McBride was Kligman s administrator. He was slick and canny and empowered to select volunteer inmates for skin tests, giving him considerable status among the prison populace. As we proceeded to the two mobile homes he had modified to accommodate his experiments, Kligman commented, We ve done lots of productive research here, Jim. Thank goodness, we have Sol here, who really knows how to make sure the tests run smoothly. I m sure we can do some good work for your group as well. He seemed like a sincere, idealistic man. 

This consists of setting up a lab inside a motorhome, buying chemicals in one state, and traveling elsewhere to make and sell dope in the self-contained unit. A mobile lab is about the best way to beat the law, but you will have to get some kind of mobile home, 5th wheel trailer, or pull behind trailer, which requires a good bit of capital to get started. I have heard of people buying their chemicals in one state and travelling to another to set-up makeshift labs in rented mountain hide-a-ways, therefore eliminating the need of a trailer. 

EPA. 1980a. Characterization of kerosene heater emissions inside two mobile homes. Contract no. EPA-600-D-90-115. Research Triangle Park, NC U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Laboratory, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Document no. PB90-263013. 

Mumford JL, Williams RW, Walsh DB, et al. 1991. Indoor air pollutants from unvented kerosene heater emissions in mobile homes Studies on particles, semivolatile organics, carbon monoxide, and mutagenicity. Environ Sci Technol 25(10) 1732-1738. 

Pitts et al. (1985) first used differential optical absorption spectrometry (DOAS) to establish unequivocally that N02 injected into a mobile home forms HONO. Interestingly, the dependence of the rate of HONO generation on the N02 concentration was similar to that measured in laboratory systems, consistent with production in, or on, a thin film of water adsorbed on surfaces. A number of studies have confirmed that the behavior is similar to that in laboratory systems i.e., the rate of production of HONO increases with N02 and with relative humidity. Indoor levels of HONO as high as 8 ppb as a 24-h average and 40 ppb as a 6-h... 

Subsequently, it was shown that HONO is also directly emitted by gas stoves (Pitts et al., 1989). For example, Fig. 15.6 shows the concentrations of N02 and HONO measured using DOAS when two top burners of a new, residential gas kitchen stove were turned on in a mobile home with both the central ventilation and air conditioning running. N02 from the gas stove emissions reached almost 300 ppb, and HONO about... 

FIGURE 15.6 N02 and HONO measured in a mobile home with two burners of a kitchen stove on the above-range exhaust was turned on at the time shown (adapted from Pitts et al., 1989). 

CO concentrations in eight mobile homes with unvented kerosene heaters either off or on (Mumford et al., 1991). Both the hourly average and peak 1-h concentrations are shown for the situation with the heater on, whereas only the 1-h average for the heater off is shown. Also shown are the United States 1- and 8-h standards and the Occupational Safety and Health Adminstration (OSHA) 8-h standard. In three of the homes, the average CO concentrations exceeded the 8-h standard and in one home, the 1-h ambient air and OSHA standard was exceeded. 

Wolkoff, 1998 Haghighat and de Beilis, 1998). Table 15.7, for example, shows the effects of temperature and relative humidity on the emissions of particular compounds associated with carpet, PVC flooring, sealants, varnish, and wall paint (Wolkoff, 1998). Interestingly, exposure of these samples to N2 rather than air also increased the emissions in some cases. However, using increased temperatures to bake-out buildings and hence lower the concentrations of indoor VOCs does not appear to be particularly effective. For example, Bayer (1991) reports that the total VOC concentrations from particleboard are about the same after as before a 5-day bake-out at 88°C. Similarly, significant levels of HCHO have been observed in a mobile home even after 20 years of use in a hot ambient air environment (Pitts et al., 1989 see later). 

Temperature is again an important determinant of HCHO levels. Figure 15.11, for example, shows the concentrations of HCHO as well as of formic acid and methanol measured using FTIR in a research mobile home as function of time as the temperature increased. At 70°F, the average HCHO concentration was 27 ppb but increased to 105 ppb at 100°F (Pitts et al., 1989). 

HCOOH has also been observed from outgassing in a mobile home trailer by chemical ionization mass spectrometry during measurements of HNO, (Huey et al., 1998) and at lower concentrations (mean of 10 ppb) in conventional homes (Reiss et al., 1995a). 

Kerosene heaters can be significant sources of particles under some circumstances. For example, kerosene heaters were reported to contribute to indoor PM2 5 in homes in Suffolk County, New York, but not Onondaga County wood stoves and fireplaces and gas stoves did not contribute in either case (Koutrakis et al., 1992 Wallace, 1996). A similar conclusion was reached in a study of eight mobile homes in North Carolina (Mum-ford et al., 1991). 

Mobile Homes Studies on Particles, Semivolatile Organics, Carbon Monoxide, and Mutagenicity, Environ. Sci. Technol., 25, 1732-1738(1991). 

Petreas, M., K.-S. Liu, B.-H. Chang, S. B. Hayward, and K. Sexton, A Survey of Nitrogen Dioxide levels Measured inside Mobile Homes, JAPCA, 38, 647-651 (1988). 

Connor, T.C., Theiss, J.C., Hanna, H.A., Monteith, D.K. Matney, T.S. (1985) Genotoxicity of organic chemicals frequently found in the air of mobile homes. Toxicol. Lett., 25, 33-40 Elovaara, E., Zitting, A., Nickels, J. Aitio, A. (1987) ot-Xylene inhalation destroys cytochrome... 

At NSF, a great deal of work is done on the development and implementation of NSF standards and criteria for health-related equipment. The majority of NSF standards relate to water treatment and purification equipment, products for swimming pool applications, plastic pipe for potable water as well as drain, waste, and vent (DWV) uses, plumbing components for mobil homes and recreational vehicles, laboratory furniture, hospital cabinets, polyethylene refuse bags and containers, aerobic waste treatment plants, and other products related to environmental quality. 

One of your biggest retirement decisions will be where to live. Do you stay where you are Move to Florida Have a mobile home in Oregon or a condo in California There are many options. 

When you have settled on a geographic preference, your attention can turn to the kind of housing or living environment that is best for you. (In fact, these decisions are often made together.) Should you move to a condo, mobile home park, or retirement center, or stay where you are Some of the many options are shown in the following illustration. 

Retirement Centers. There are all kinds of adult (over age 50) retirement centers in all parts of the country. Some are small mobile home parks with few amenities. Others are elaborate. Some are planned communities like Sun City in Arizona. Others are like Leisure World in California. Some provide a wide assortment of recreational services—golf courses, swimming pools, exercise rooms, auditoriums, emergency nursing care, and so on. Most charge monthly fees, which often include maintenance of common grounds and other services. Various property arrangements (own, lease, rent) can apply. 

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