Coastal equipment

These are the strain-hardenable aluminium alloys with the best mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Since 1960, they have been very widely used in marine applications such as shipbuilding, coastal equipment, and in road transport, for example as tanks for hydrocarbons and other liquid or pulverulent products. 

Coastal tankers are available up to 2000 tons capacity, equipped with pumps for discharging into customer s storage. The size of the vessels to be used will depend upon local conditions and the depth of water in the approaches. 

On July 24,1994, an explosion followed by a number of fires occurred at 13 23 at the Texaco refinery in Milford Haven, Wales, England. Prior to this explosion, around 9 a.m., a severe coastal electrical storm caused plant disturbances that affected the vacuum distillation, alkylation, butamer, and FCC units. The explosion occurred due to a combination of failures in management, equipment, and control systems. Given its calculated TNT equivalent of at least 4 tons, significant portions of the refinery were damaged. That no fatalities occurred is attributed partially to the accident occurring on a Sunday, as well as the fortuitous location of those who were near the explosion. 

Coastal utilities have been major consumers of products derived from imported crudes. East coast utility fuels have been based on Venezuelan and Middle East crudes while the West coast has obtained much of its fuel from Indonesia. There are a number of reasons why it would be difficult to convert these plants to coal firing. Auxiliary facilities such as storage areas, rail sidings, and unloading and conveying equipment are no longer in place to handle coal. It is even more significant that the land on which these facilities were located has been sold or used for other utility purposes. As a result, scrubbers could not be installed at these sites to allow for sulfur dioxide control. 

European special-purpose rotating tanks have been used successfully by at least one North Coast winery, but the cost of the equipment and space required has discouraged expansion of this facility. Continuous fermentation systems have been introduced in foreign countries but are only in very limited use in northern California. Dangers of contamination, cooling difficulties, and the need for a continuous flow of must make them unsuited for premium wine production. Heating is another way to liberate color and tannins from the skins but until recently all experiments have produced wines of inferior quality and, therefore, have not been used in the coastal counties of California. 

The described approach has been already applied when developing a coastal mobile hardware complex [11]. Software and hardware support of this complex comprises a database on standard documents in the radiation protection area reference databases on radiation-hazardous facihties, persotmel and equipment of emergency-rescue teams of Rosatom, digital map bank, computer systems for on-hne forecast and measurement of the radiation situation parameters, different data-exchange communication channels, etc. 

Selection of appropriate sample sites. Once the general location of the effluent discharge is known, and the type of water body identified, the most suitable sample stations can be assessed. Following a preliminary survey of the area the choice of appropriate media and equipment can be made. If the discharge is likely to be to a river, samples should be taken above and below the suspected point source if possible, to enable the background levels to be well characterised. In estuaries or coastal waters, transects away from the suspected source may be appropriate for the same reason. 

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