Milford Haven

The explosion and fires at the Texaco Refinery, Milford Haven, Wales, 24 July 1994. Reference Health and Safety Executive (HSE) HSE Books, Her Majesty s Stationary Office, Norwich, England, 1997. 

On July 24,1994, an explosion followed by a number of fires occurred at 13 23 at the Texaco refinery in Milford Haven, Wales, England. Prior to this explosion, around 9 a.m., a severe coastal electrical storm caused plant disturbances that affected the vacuum distillation, alkylation, butamer, and FCC units. The explosion occurred due to a combination of failures in management, equipment, and control systems. Given its calculated TNT equivalent of at least 4 tons, significant portions of the refinery were damaged. That no fatalities occurred is attributed partially to the accident occurring on a Sunday, as well as the fortuitous location of those who were near the explosion. 

R. S. Cambray et al. (4), monthly samples at Abingdon (upper) and Milford Haven (lower), England. 

Baker JM. 1986. Ecological changes in Milford Haven during its history as an oil port. In Baher JM, ed. Marine ecology and oil pollution. New York, NY John Wiley and Sons, 55-66. 

On the 24th of July 1994 in British refinery at Milford Haven one of the most serious accident in the history of petrochemical industry had occurred. After a chain of explosions in refinery a fire broke out which lasted... 

Bryant, P. S. Beryllium production at Milford Haven. I.M.M. Symposium on the Extraction Metallurgy of Some of the Less Common Metals, London (1956). Paper 17. 

Since the Torrey Canyon spiU, the spate of accidents that have occurred shows that the threat from accidental marine pollution remains (Amoco Cadiz, 1978, off Brittany, France Kark V, 1989, off the Atlantic coast of Morocco Exxon Valdez, 1989, Prince William Sound, Alaska, U.S.A. Haven, 1991, Genoa, Italy Braer, 1993, Shetland Islands, U.K. Sea Empress, 1996, Milford Haven, Wales, U.K. and Erika, 1999, off Brittany, France). 

An explosion, heard up to 30 miles away, and resulting fires at the Texaco refinery site, Milford Haven, on 24 July 1994, causing injury to 26 people and massive damage to the site. The incident happened at the Pembroke Cracking Company (PCC) plant, a joint partnership... 

Very early on, Lehmann and Sittkus (1959) estimated aerosol residence times of 20 days from °Po/ °Pb activity ratios in air at Freiburg, Germany (47°59 N, 7°51 E), while Peirson et al. (1966) estimated aerosol residence times of 40 days from Po/ Pb activity ratios in air at Milford Haven, Wales (51°40 N, 5°02 E). 

March 2008 Langston et al. (2012) Milford Haven Waterway, UK M. edulis Freeze dried samples extracted ACNitetrahydrofuran with sonication LOD 0.1-0.7 ng/g dw ZPAHs 110-262 ng/g dw 17 PAHs... 

Dyrynda et al. (2000) M. edulis Milford Haven, Wales Total and differential haemocyte count All parameters affected by PAHs burden ISPAHs and PAHs groups... 

This accident occurred on February 15,1996 when an oil tanker named "Sea Empress" carrying 130,000 tons of Norfh Sea crude oil ran aground in the entrance to Milford Haven, Wales, UK. Although the vessel was refloated within few hours, if susfained serious damage to its center tanks and starboard that resulted in a massive oil release [36,37]. 

Sea Empress, Wales, UK, 1996, retrieved on January 23, 2015 from website http //www.itopf.com/in-action/case-studies/case-study/sea-empress-milford-haven-wales-uk-1996/. 

The explosion and fire at the Texaco Refinery, Milford Haven 24, July 1994,1997... 

As we know all large control systems include a full range of alarm facilities and the problem is to avoid a proliferation of alarms that defeat the purpose when a real upset occurs. There have been several studies and reports on the subject of alarm overload and one of the best-known examples was the one at Milford Haven Refinery that was stated by a public enquiry to be a contributing factor to the huge explosion there in 1994. 

Fig. 4 (far right). Milford Haven Bridge after collapse... 

---