Electrical storms

Arrhythmias. The first solution to cardiovascular problems arising from arrhythmias came about as a result of a complication caused by open-heart surgery. During procedures to correct congenital defects in children s hearts, the electrical conduction system often became impaired, and until it healed, the heart could not contract sufficiently without outside electrical stimulation. A system that plugged into a wall outlet was considered adequate until an electrical storm knocked out power, lea ding to the development of the first battery-powered external pacemaker. 

Nitrogen compounds These also arise from both natural and synthetic sources. Thus ammonia is formed in the atmosphere during electrical storms, but increases in the ammonium ion concentration in rainfall over Europe in recent years are attributed to increased use of artiflcial fertilisers. Ammonium compounds in solution may increase the wettability of a metaland the action of ammonia and its compounds in causing season cracking , a type of stress-corrosion cracking of cold-worked brass, is well documented. 

In the lower layers of the atmosphere, ozone occurs only in trace quantities. Some ozone, however, is also created in the lower atmosphere by lightning, during electric storms, accounting for the "smell of rain" that... 

Unallowed events Failure of mixer, electrical failures, wiring failures, tornadoes, hurricanes, electrical storms. 

On July 24,1994, an explosion followed by a number of fires occurred at 13 23 at the Texaco refinery in Milford Haven, Wales, England. Prior to this explosion, around 9 a.m., a severe coastal electrical storm caused plant disturbances that affected the vacuum distillation, alkylation, butamer, and FCC units. The explosion occurred due to a combination of failures in management, equipment, and control systems. Given its calculated TNT equivalent of at least 4 tons, significant portions of the refinery were damaged. That no fatalities occurred is attributed partially to the accident occurring on a Sunday, as well as the fortuitous location of those who were near the explosion. 

The sudden electrical storm and its impact on us was taken as an omen by both points of view. Dennis, Ev, and I assumed it was associated with a feedback of effects from the experiment whose performance was only a few hours ahead of us. Dave and Vanessa thought it a light dose of the wrath of God for having such Promethean aspirations. The possibility that it had nothing to do with us at all went unexamined. 

Ozone (O3) is a powerful oxidizing agent. It is found naturally in the atmosphere by the action of electrical storms. The major indoor source of ozone is from electrical equipment and electrostatic air cleaners. The indoor ozone concentration is determined by ventilation. It depends on the room volume, the number of air changes in the room, room temperature, materials, and the nature of surfaces in the room. Ozone is irritating to the eyes and all mucous membranes. Pulmonary edema may occur after exposure has ceased [32,33]. 

On the afternoon of July 10, 1926, there was a severe electrical storm at Lake Denmark. 

FIGURE 4—20. This figure represents the concept of an electrical storm in the brain in which overexcitation and too much neurotransmission are occurring during the production of various psychiatric symptoms, including those which occur during a panic attack. This may also be a model for other disorders of excessive behavioral symptoms that imply too much neurotransmission, including mania, positive manifestation of psychosis, and seizures. 

On the afternoon of July 10, 1926, there was a severe electrical storm at Lake Denmark. At about 5 15 PM lightning struck in the southwest end of the Depot, and almost immediately thereafter, Hack smoke was seen issuing from the northeast side of Temporary Magazine No 8. An alarm of fire was sounded and the personnel of the Depot responded immediately to the fire call, and at least one stream of water was playing on the fire when at 5 20 PM a tremendous detonation occurred at the scene of the fire... 

Nitrogen dioxide storms Forest fires electric storms Combustion of oil, gas and... 

Marketou ME, Simantirakis EN, Manios EG, Vardas PE. Electrical storm due to amiodarone induced thyrotoxicosis in a young adult with dilated cardiomyopathy thyroidectomy as the treatment of choice. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2001 24(12) 1827-8. 

The Atmosphere s Role in Iodide Oxidation. The production of gaseous iodine compounds [such as CH31 in a manner analogous to (CH3)2S (54) or I2 (41)] would permit the volatilization of iodine to the atmosphere. This iodine may be easier to oxidize to I03 in the atmosphere by photolysis or by electrical storms, which produce stronger oxidants such as OH radical. 

The lightning flashes produced in electrical storms and the light produced by neon gas in neon signs are two familiar examples of visible light produced by electronic... 

NO is not produced in large amounts in nature under usual conditions. It is formed by direct reaction of N2 and O, in electrical storms. 

Just as NO is produced namrally by the reaction of N2 and O2 in electrical storms, it is also produced by the same reaction at the high temperatures of internal combustion engines and furnaces. 

The nitrogen cycle indicates that electrical storms (lightning) are a source of nitrogen compounds, (a) What is the function of the lightning (b) What compounds of nitrogen are produced during electrical storms (c) What is the effect of these compounds on the rain water ... 

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