Applications marine

Manne Marine algae Marine apatites Marine applications Marine coatings Marine equipment Marine oil (menhaden)... 

Marine and hydraulic-oil coolers use these characteristics to enhance the coefficient of otheiwise poorly performing fluids. The higher metallurgies in marine applications like 90/10 Cu-Ni afford the higher cost of plate-fin design to be offset by the less amount of alloy material being used. On small hydrauhc coolers, these fins usually allow one to two size smaller coolers for the package and save sldd space and initial cost. 

Boylan, William, Marine Application of Dental Couplings, Paper 26— 1966, Society of Naval Architects Marine Engineers, May 1966. 

The present vertical boiler is generally used for heat recovery from exhaust gases from power generation or marine applications. The gases pass through small-bore... 

Saponification Paints are most commonly used to protect steel from corrosion by seawater in marine applications and soil in the case of buried structures. Additional protection is often supplied by the application of cathodic protection to the steel. Any paint coating used in conjunction with cathodic protection must be resistant to the alkali which is produced on the steel at defect sites in the coating. The amount of alkali generated depends on the potential to which the steel is polarized. Some paint binders such as alkyds and vinyl ester are very susceptible to saponification, and should not be used on cathodically protected structures. Cathodic disbondment testing should be undertaken if the relevant information is not available. 

The individual characteristics and uses of the basic grades of the austenitic irons are given in Table 3.55. The major uses for these materials occur in the handling of fluids in the chemical and petroleum industries and also in the power industry and in many marine applications. The austenitic irons are also used in the food, soap and plastics industries where low corrosion rates are essential in order to avoid contamination of the product. Ni-Resist grades Type 2, 3 or 4 are generally used for such applications but the highly alloyed Type 4 Ni-Resist is preferred where low product contamination is of prime importance. 

Much attention continues to be devoted to the corrosion behaviour of copper alloys in an increasing range of marine applications ... 

Barnard, K. N., Christie, G. L. and Gage, D. G. Service Experience with Lead Silver Alloy Anodes in Cathodic Protection of Ships , Corrosion, 15, 11, 581-586 (1959) Peplow, D. B. and Shreir, L. L. Lead/Platinum Electrodes for Marine Applications , Corr. Tech. Apr. (1984)... 

Stress-corrosion cracking occurs in titanium alloys in a number of environments, although the number of failures that have occurred under service conditions is very small. Because of the widespread use of titanium alloys in aeroplanes and space vehicles and their increasing use in marine applications it is important that the possibilities of service failures should be removed. As a result a considerable and increasing amount of work has been done on this subject over the last decade as indicated in a recent extensive survey. ... 

Three broad classes of aluminium alloys will be considered here the heat-treatable high-strength aluminium-copper 2000 series and aluminium-zinc-magnesium 7000 series alloys and the non-heat-treatable lower strength aluminium-magnesium 5000 series alloys which are used extensively in marine applications. 

Quality control tests are intended to detect produced materials which deviate from manufacturing specifications, and thus may result in questionable performance. The materials are usually subjected to spectrographic analysis which is the primary quality control check. The exposure tests are necessarily of short duration (hours or days), in which the test conditions attempt to reflect the environment of operation, for example using artificial seawater for a marine application. Since a property that is reproducible and indicative of a consistent quality anode is all that is required, there is no attempt to mirror, except in the crudest fashion, current density profiles. 

Jensen, F. O. and Torleif, J., Development of a New Zinc Anode Alloy for Marine Application , Paper No. 72, Corrosion/87, San Francisco, USA, March (1987)... 

Swedish iron is sometimes used as galvanic wastage plates in heat exchangers, particularly for marine applications. This is possibly based on tradition, since it cannot be the most economical method in the light of current cathodic-protection practice. The material is not currently used as an impressed-current anode. 

Combined-cycle systems are used in both land and marine applications employing diesel engines or gas turbines (which usually provide the first power source) and by large process industries that produce significant heat-containing, by-product waste streams. 

Report 29 Polymers in Marine Applications, C.F.Britton, Corrosion Monitoring Consultancy. 

Slow freezing, with constant stirring, results in a concentration of organic materials in the solution remaining. The technique is most effective in water of low salinity. It has been applied to lake water with some success but marine applications do not seem to have been developed [9,11-13]. 

Marine applications, high performance fibers in, 13 395 Marine biofouling, 7 151-152 Marine borers, effect on wood, 26 353 Marine coatings, 7 144 7 192-206 10 442-444... 

It was demonstrated that poly(styrene-b/oc -vinylpyrrolidone) beads (0 220 nm) are suitable for preparation of pH nanosensors [12]. Various fluorescein derivatives were embedded and did not leach out of the beads due to functionalization with highly lipophilic octadecyl anchor. The pK., of the indicators inside the nanobeads varied from 5.8 to 7.7 making them suitable for various biotechnological, biological and marine applications. The beads based on a lipophilic l-hydroxypyrene-3,6, 8-trisulfonate (pKa 6.9) were also manufactured. 

Consumption of unsaturated polyesters in the marine industry consists of broad usage for hulls, decks and numerous small parts such as hatch and engine covers. Hulls and decks are generally produced with unsaturated polyester resins and multiple layers of fiberglass cloth knits and chopped fibers. Most marine applications require the use of unsaturated polyester resin gel coats for exterior appearance and for protection from the elements. 

Three products are available from this process, VisorWood (20-40% WPG), Kebony 30 (10-50% WPG) and Kebony 100 (70-100% WPG). Uses of VisorWood include decking, marine applications, cladding, window joinery, poles, roofs, garden furniture and building materials. Both Kebony 30 and VisorWood have a light golden brown... 

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