Citric acid, sodium salt

Bicitra Citric acid, sodium salt EINECS 213-618-2 Pneucid 1.2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, sodium sait Sodium 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarb-oxylate Sodium citrate,... 

Citric acid sodium salt. See Sodium citrate... 

Synonyms 3-Carboxy-3-hydroxypentanedioic acid sodium salt Citric acid monosodium salt Citric acid sodium salt 2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, monosodium salt Monosodium citrate (INCI)... 

Trade Names Containing Imwitor 377 Imwitor 380 Citric acid, 6-(2-hydroxydecyloxy)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexyl ester. See Disodium hydroxydecyl sorbitol citrate Citric acid, monoester with glycerol. See Monoglyceride citrate Citric acid monosodium saK. See Sodium citrate Citric acid, octadecyl ester. See Stearyl citrate Citric acid sodium salt. See Sodium cKrate Citric acid, tributyl ester. See Tributyl cKrate Citric acid, triisopropyl ester. See Triisopropyl citrate Citric acid, triisostearyl ester. See Triisostearyl citrate Citric acid, tripotassium salt. See Potassium citrate Citric acid, tris (2-octyldodecyl) ester. See Trioctyidodecyl citrate Citric acid trisodium saK. See Trisodium citrate... 

Synonyms 3-Carboxy-3-hydroxypentanedioic acid sodium salt Citric acid monosodium salt Citric acid sodium salt 2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, monosodium salt Monosodium citrate (INCI) Monosodium citrate anhydrous Monosodium-2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate MSC 1,2,3-Propanetricar-boxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, monosodium salt Sodium citrate primary Sodium dihydrogen citrate Empiricai CgH NaO ... 

Complexing agents, which act as buffers to help control the pH and maintain control over the free metal—salt ions available to the solution and hence the ion concentration, include citric acid, sodium citrate, and sodium acetate potassium tartrate ammonium chloride. Stabilizers, which act as catalytic inhibitors that retard the spontaneous decomposition of the bath, include fluoride compounds thiourea, sodium cyanide, and urea. Stabilizers are typically not present in amounts exceeding 10 ppm. The pH of the bath is adjusted. 

Citric acid and other hydroxycarboxylic acids, such as gluconic acid. Also, derivatives such as sodium gluconate (D-gluconic acid, sodium salt), HOCH2[CH(OH)]4 COONa. 

Synonym Gamma-Chloropropylene Oxide 3-Chloro-1,2-Propylene Oxide Chlorosulfonic Acid Chlorothene Chiorotoluene, Alpha Alpha-Chlorotoluene Omega-Chlorotoluene Chlorotrifluoroethylene Chlorotrimethylsilane Chlorsulfonic Acid Clilorylen Clip Chromic Acid Chromic Anhydride Chromic Oxide Chromium (VI) Dioxychloride Chromium Oxychloride Chromium Trioxide Chromyl Chloride Cianurina Citric Acid Citric Acid, Diammonium Salt Clarified Oil Clorox Cc Ral Coal Tar Oil Cobalt Acetate Cobalt Acetate Tetrahydrate Cobalt (II) Acetate Cobalt Chloride Cobalt (II) Chloride Cobaltous Acetate Cobaltous Chloride Cobaltous Chloride Dihydrate Cobaltous Chloride Hexahydrate Cobaltous Nitrate Cobaltous Nitrate Hexahydrate Cobaltous Sulfate Heptahydrate Cobalt Nitrate Cobalt (II) Nitrate Cobalt Sulfate Compound Name Epichlorohydrin Epichlorohydrin Chlorosulfonic Acid Trichloroethane Benzyl Chloride Benzyl Chloride Benzyl Chloride Trifluorochloroethylene Trimethylchlorosilane Chlorosulfonic Acid Trichloroethylene Cumene Hydroperoxide Chromic Anhydride Chromic Anhydride Chromic Anhydride Chromyl Chloride Chromyl Chloride Chromic Anhydride Chromyl Chloride Mercuric Cyanide Citric Acid Ammonium Citrate Oil Clarified Sodium Hypochlorite Coumaphos Oil Coal Tar Cobalt Acetate Cobalt Acetate Cobalt Acetate Cobalt Chloride Cobalt Chloride Cobalt Acetate Cobalt Chloride Cobalt Chloride Cobalt Chloride Cobalt Nitrate Cobalt Nitrate Cobalt Sulfate Cobalt Nitrate Cobalt Nitrate Cobalt Sulfate... 

Citric acid trisodium salt E331 sodium citrate tertiary trisodium citrate. 

Alternatives to Sulfites. To meet the needs of the food industry for alternatives to sulfites, a number of browning inhibitor formulations have been marketed. These products are mostly combinations of AA, EA, or their sodium salts with such adjuncts as citric acid, sodium or calcium chloride, phosphates, cysteine and potassium sorbate (23-29). Commercial browning inhibitor formulations vary widely both in AA or EA content and in recommended use levels (Sapers, G. M., Eastern Regional Research Center, Philadelphia, PA, unpublished data). These sulfite substitutes are considered to be less effective than sulfites because they do not penetrate as well into the cellular matrix (11). Furthermore, AA is easily oxidized by endogenous enzymes (18) or by autoxidation, and in the course of its intended role as a browning inhibitor, may fall into a concentration range where it exerts pro-oxidant effects (30). To enhance their effectiveness, the sulfite substitutes may be used in conjunction with modified atmosphere or vacuum packaging (29,31). 

CCRIS 3293 Citnatin Citreme Citric acid, trisodium salt Citrosodina Citrosodine Citrosodna EINECS 200-675-3 FEMA No, 3026 HSDB 5201 Natrocitral Sodium citrate Sodium citrate (NaaCsHsO ) Sodium citrate anhydrous Trisodium 2-hydroxy-... 

CAS 68-04-2 (anhyd.) 6132-04-3 (dihydrate) 6858-44-2 (hydrate) EINECS/ELINCS 200-675-3 FEMA 3026 INS331(iii) E331 Synonyms Citric acid trisodium salt Sodium citrate (INCI) Sodium citrate anhydrous Sodium citrate tertiary Trisodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate Empirical CeHsNasO (anhyd.) CeHsNasO 2H2O (dihydrate)... 

The newly developed HPLC analytical condition for cephalosporins LiChrospher 100 RP 18(e) (5 Jim, 4 X 250 mm) elution, 5 mM 1-heptanesulfonic acid sodium salt, 5 mM 18-Crown-6, 100 mM citric acid monohydrate, and 3.9 mM tiisodium citrate with 16% methanol and 0.5% tetrahy-drofuran column temperature. 40 C flow rate. I ml/min detection, UV at 254 nm. 

Typical behaviour of osmotic and activity coefficients as calculated using Eqs. (5.36) and (5.37), is illustrated for trisodium citrate and tripotassium citrate in Fig. 5.15. It can be observed, that values of the (/w) and y+(/w) coefficients after a strong fall in very dilute solutions depend rather weakly on the citrate concentration. Since a T-,m) values are nearly temperature independent, the same is observed in the case osmotic and activity coefficients. It is worthwhile to mention that the Pitzer model was also used by Schunk and Maurer [163] when they determined water activities at 25 °C in ternary systems (citric acid + inorganic salt). The interactions parameters between ions, which were applied to represent activities in ternary systems, were calculated by taking into account the dissociation steps of citric acid and the formation of bisulfate ions for solutions with sodium sulfate. 

In this method the distilled water, sodium carbonate and 5% citric acid extractants (80 ml) are transferred to a separatory funnel. For the distilled water extractant only, solid sodium chloride (10%) is added to assist the extraction of DLTDP. The addition of sodium chloride to the distilled water extractant before ether extraction was essential in order to obtain good recoveries. Omission of the sodium chloride resulted in recoveries in the order of 5%. Addition of sodium chloride to citric acid solutions was deleterious the citric acid was salted out in the ether, and thus remained on evaporation of the ether. Some of this residue was dissolved along with the DLTDP and was present on the thin-layer chromatograph plate. 

Chem. Descrip. PEG-80 sorbitan laurate, sodium trideceth sulfate, PEG 150 distearate, lauroamphocarboxyglycinate, cocamidopropyl betaine, disodium laureth sulfosuccinate, citric acid, and salt, and water Uses Surfactant cone, for baby shampoos Features Mild... 

Crystallizes from water in large colourless prisms containing 2H2O. It is poisonous, causing paralysis of the nervous system m.p. 101 C (hydrate), 189°C (anhydrous), sublimes 157°C. It occurs as the free acid in beet leaves, and as potassium hydrogen oxalate in wood sorrel and rhubarb. Commercially, oxalic acid is made from sodium methanoate. This is obtained from anhydrous NaOH with CO at 150-200°C and 7-10 atm. At lower pressure sodium oxalate formed from the sodium salt the acid is readily liberated by sulphuric acid. Oxalic acid is also obtained as a by-product in the manufacture of citric acid and by the oxidation of carbohydrates with nitric acid in presence of V2O5. 

Table 2 Hsts examples of compounds with taste and their associated sensory quaUties. Sour taste is primarily produced by the presence of hydrogen ion slightly modified by the types of anions present in the solution, eg, acetic acid is more sour than citric acid at the same pH or molar concentration (43). Saltiness is due to the salts of alkaU metals, the most common of which is sodium chloride. However, salts such as cesium chloride and potassium iodide are bitter potassium bromide has a mixed taste, ie, salty and bitter (44). Thus saltiness, like sourness, is modified by the presence of different anions but is a direct result of a small number of cations.

Evaporated milk is a Hquid product obtained by the partial removal of water only from milk. It has a minimum milk-fat content of 7.5 mol % and a minimum milk-solids content of 25.0 mol %. Evaporated skimmed milk is a Hquid product obtained by the partial removal of water only from skimmed milk. It has a minimum milk-solids content of 20.0 mol %. Sweetened condensed milk is a product obtained by the partial removal of water only from milk with the addition of sugars. It has a minimum milk-fat content of 8.0 mol % and a minimum milk-solids content of 28.0 mol %. Skimmed sweetened condensed milk is a product obtained by the partial removal of water only from skimmed milk with the addition of sugars. It has a minimum milk-solids content of 24.0 mol %. AH may contain food additives (qv) as stabilizers, in maximum amounts, including sodium, potassium, and calcium salts of hydrochloric acid at 2000 mg/kg singly citric acid, carbonic acid, orthophosphoric acid, and polyphosphoric acid at 3000 mg/kg in combination, expressed as anhydrous substances and in the evaporated milk carrageenin may be added at 150 mg/kg. 

Because of its functionaUty and environmental acceptabiUty, citric acid and its salts (primarily sodium and potassium) are used in many industrial appbcations for cbelation, buffering, pH adjustment, and derivatization. These uses include laundry detergents, shampoos, cosmetics, enhanced oil recovery, and chemical cleaning. 

Trisodium citrate is more widely used than any of the other salts of citric acid. It is generally made by neutralization of a water solution of citric acid using sodium hydroxide. The neutralization reaction is highly exothermic giving off 1109 J/g of citric acid. To conserve energy, the heat evolved can be used in the sodium citrate concentration and crystallization steps. 

The mono- and disodium citrate salts are made by limiting the amount of sodium available by using only one mole of base for each mole of citric acid for the monosodium citrate and two moles for the disodium citrate. The result is primarily the mono or disalt with small amounts of the other forms and citric acid being present. Other salts that have been offered commercially are shown in Table 5. 

Although not as corrosive as the acid, the sodium and potassium salts of citric acid should be handled in the same type of equipment as the acid to avoid corrosion problems. 

Dipping solution Dissolve 100 mg of 8-anilinonaphthalene-l-sulfonic acid ammonium salt in a mixture of 40 ml caustic soda solution (c = 0.1 mol/1) and 57 ml of an aqueous solution containing 21 g citric acid monohydrate and 8 g sodium hydroxide per hter. 

A liquid detergent for dishes, vegetables, and fruit comprises the sodium salt of a-sulfo coconut acid ethyl ester (20%), an alkylamine oxide (5%), citric acid (0.5%), ethanol (50%), and water [78]. 

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