Citric acid/citrate

Citric acid is also highly astringent it can be used as a skin toner. Like the related compound sodium citrate, citric acid is often an ingredient in ice creams, where it helps keep the fat globules separate. 

QHj07 77-92-9) see Choline dihydrogen citrate citric acid monohydrate (C H Oj, 5949-29-1) see Mosapride citrate (-l-)-citronellal... 

Pharmacologic therapy with sodium bicarbonate or citrate/citric acid preparations maybe needed in patients with stage 3 CKD or higher to replenish body stores of bicarbonate. Calcium carbonate and calcium acetate, used to bind phosphorus in sHPT, also aid in increasing serum bicarbonate levels, in conjunction with other agents. 

Solutions that contain sodium citrate/citric acid (Shohl s solution and Bicitra) provide 1 mEq/L (1 mmol/L) each of sodium and bicarbonate. Polycitra is a sodium/potassium citrate solution that provides 2 mEq/L (2 mmol/L) of bicarbonate, but contains 1 mEq/L (1 mmol/L) each of sodium and potassium, which can promote hyperkalemia in patients with severe CKD. The citrate portion of these preparations is metabolized in the liver to bicarbonate, while the citric acid portion is metabolized to C02 and water, increasing tolerability compared to sodium bicarbonate. Sodium retention is also decreased with these preparations. However, these products are liquid preparations, which may not be palatable to some patients. Citrate can also promote aluminum toxicity by augmenting aluminum absorption in the GI tract. 

Cerezyme is produced in a CHO cell line harbouring the cDNA coding for human (i-glucoccr-ebrosidase. The purified product is presented as a freeze-dried powder, which also contains mannitol, sodium citrate, citric acid and polysorbate 80 as excipients. It exhibits a shelf life of 2 years when stored at 2-8 °C. 

Widespread medicinal use of colloidal bismuth subcitrate (CBS) has prompted extensive studies of bismuth compounds involving the citrate anion. Bismuth citrate is essentially insoluble in water, but a dramatic increase in solubility with increasing pH has been exploited as a bio-ready source of soluble bismuth, a material referred to as CBS. Formulation of these solutions is complicated by the variability of the bismuth anion stoichiometry, the presence of potassium and/ or ammonium cations, the susceptibility of bismuth to oxygenation to Bi=0, and the incorporation of water in isolated solids. Consequently, a variety of formulas are classified in the literature as CBS. Solids isolated from various, often ill-defined combinations of bismuth citrate, citric acid, potassium hydroxide, or ammonium hydroxide have been assigned formulas on the basis of elemental analysis data or by determination of water and ammonia content, but are of low significance in the absence of complementary data other than thermal analysis (163), infrared spectroscopy (163), or NMR spectroscopy (164). In this context, the Merck index lists the chemical formula of CBS as KgfNHJaBieOafOHMCeHsCbh in the 11th edition (165), but in the most recent edition provides a less precise name, tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate (166). 

Sodium citrate/citric acid bicarbonate acicV5 mL) of aluminum... 

Potassium citrate/citric acid Polycitra-K (Willen) 2 mEq K/mL equivalent to 2 mEq Solution (1,100 mg K alrate 334 mg citric acid/5 mL) See above... 

The sodium acetate-acetic acid combination is one of the most widely used buffers, and is usually referred to simply as acetate buffer. Other buffer combinations commonly employed in chemistry and biochemistry include carbonate-bicarbonate (sodium carbonate-sodium hydrogen carbonate), citrate (citric acid-trisodium citrate), phosphate (sodium dihydrogen phosphate-disodium hydrogen phosphate), and tris [tris(hydroxymethyl)amino-methane-HCl]. 

Ionized and non-ionized forms of many compounds are regarded as synonymous in the text, thus citrate/citric acid, acetate/acetic acid or others may be used according to the author s whim and context, and should not be considered as having any especial relevance. 

Potassium Citrate Citric Acid (Polycitra-K) Sildenafil (Revatio, Viagra)... 

Sohfenacin (VESIcare) Sodium Citrate/Citric Acid (Bicitra) Tadalafil (Cialis) ToltCTodine (Detrol, Detrol LA)... 

Citric acid is a weak acid and loses hydrogen ions from its three carboxyl groups (COOH) in solution. The loss of a hydrogen ion from each group in the molecule results in the citrate ion, C3H50(C00)33. A citric acid molecule also forms intermediate ions when one or two hydrogen atoms in the carboxyl groups ionize. The citrate ion combines with metals to form salts, the most common of which is calcium citrate. Citric acid forms esters to produce various citrates, for example trimethyl citrate and triethyl citrate. 

Add, while mixing, sodium citrate, citric acid, sodium saccharine, and sodium chloride. Mix for complete solution. Add propylene glycol by mixing. 

Vials HSA containing formulation 0.25% albumin (human) sodium chloride sodium citrate citric acid 0.9% benzyl alcohol as a preservative water for injection... 

PEG-400 (16%), TPGS (12%), propylene glycol (55%), sodium chloride, sodium citrate, citric acid... 

Identification Transfer 1 g of sample and 1 g of potassium metabisulfite to a 100-mL volumetric flask, dissolve in about 50 mL of pH 3.0 Citrate-Citric Acid Buffer (see Assay, below), and dilute to volume with the same buffer. The red color caused by anthocyanins is bleached. 

Assay The color strength (CS) expressed as the absorbance of a 1 % solution in pH 3.0 Citrate-Citric Acid Buffer in a cell of 1 -cm pathlength shall not be less than 90% of the color strength as represented by the vendor. 

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