Potassium citrate citric acid

Potassium citrate/citric acid Polycitra-K (Willen) 2 mEq K/mL equivalent to 2 mEq Solution (1,100 mg K alrate 334 mg citric acid/5 mL) See above... 

Potassium Citrate Citric Acid (Polycitra-K) Sildenafil (Revatio, Viagra)... 

Trade Names Containing Imwitor 377 Imwitor 380 Citric acid, 6-(2-hydroxydecyloxy)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexyl ester. See Disodium hydroxydecyl sorbitol citrate Citric acid, monoester with glycerol. See Monoglyceride citrate Citric acid monosodium saK. See Sodium citrate Citric acid, octadecyl ester. See Stearyl citrate Citric acid sodium salt. See Sodium cKrate Citric acid, tributyl ester. See Tributyl cKrate Citric acid, triisopropyl ester. See Triisopropyl citrate Citric acid, triisostearyl ester. See Triisostearyl citrate Citric acid, tripotassium salt. See Potassium citrate Citric acid, tris (2-octyldodecyl) ester. See Trioctyidodecyl citrate Citric acid trisodium saK. See Trisodium citrate... 

Solutions that contain sodium citrate/citric acid (Shohl s solution and Bicitra) provide 1 mEq/L (1 mmol/L) each of sodium and bicarbonate. Polycitra is a sodium/potassium citrate solution that provides 2 mEq/L (2 mmol/L) of bicarbonate, but contains 1 mEq/L (1 mmol/L) each of sodium and potassium, which can promote hyperkalemia in patients with severe CKD. The citrate portion of these preparations is metabolized in the liver to bicarbonate, while the citric acid portion is metabolized to C02 and water, increasing tolerability compared to sodium bicarbonate. Sodium retention is also decreased with these preparations. However, these products are liquid preparations, which may not be palatable to some patients. Citrate can also promote aluminum toxicity by augmenting aluminum absorption in the GI tract. 

Widespread medicinal use of colloidal bismuth subcitrate (CBS) has prompted extensive studies of bismuth compounds involving the citrate anion. Bismuth citrate is essentially insoluble in water, but a dramatic increase in solubility with increasing pH has been exploited as a bio-ready source of soluble bismuth, a material referred to as CBS. Formulation of these solutions is complicated by the variability of the bismuth anion stoichiometry, the presence of potassium and/ or ammonium cations, the susceptibility of bismuth to oxygenation to Bi=0, and the incorporation of water in isolated solids. Consequently, a variety of formulas are classified in the literature as CBS. Solids isolated from various, often ill-defined combinations of bismuth citrate, citric acid, potassium hydroxide, or ammonium hydroxide have been assigned formulas on the basis of elemental analysis data or by determination of water and ammonia content, but are of low significance in the absence of complementary data other than thermal analysis (163), infrared spectroscopy (163), or NMR spectroscopy (164). In this context, the Merck index lists the chemical formula of CBS as KgfNHJaBieOafOHMCeHsCbh in the 11th edition (165), but in the most recent edition provides a less precise name, tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate (166). 

Identification Transfer 1 g of sample and 1 g of potassium metabisulfite to a 100-mL volumetric flask, dissolve in about 50 mL of pH 3.0 Citrate-Citric Acid Buffer (see Assay, below), and dilute to volume with the same buffer. The red color caused by anthocyanins is bleached. 

In patients with Stage 3 or higher CKD, the use of aUcalinizing salts, such as sodium bicarbonate or citrate/citric acid preparations, is useful to replenish depleted body bicarbonate stores. Sodium bicarbonate tablets are manufactured in 325- and 650-mg strengths (a 650-mg tablet contains 7.7 mEq sodium and 7.7 mEq bicarbonate). Shohl s solution and Bicitra contain 1 mEq/mL of sodium and the equivalent of 1 mEq/mL of bicarbonate as sodium citrate/citric acid. Citrate is metabolized in the liver to bicarbonate, and citric acid is metabolized to CO2 and water. Polycitra, which contains potassium citrate, (1 mEq/mL of sodium, 1 mEq/mL of potassium, and 2 mEq/mL of bicarbonate) should not be used in patients with severe CKD since hyperkalemia may result. 

POTASSIUM CITRATE/SODIUM CITRATE/ CITRIC ACID... 

Complexing agents, which act as buffers to help control the pH and maintain control over the free metal—salt ions available to the solution and hence the ion concentration, include citric acid, sodium citrate, and sodium acetate potassium tartrate ammonium chloride. Stabilizers, which act as catalytic inhibitors that retard the spontaneous decomposition of the bath, include fluoride compounds thiourea, sodium cyanide, and urea. Stabilizers are typically not present in amounts exceeding 10 ppm. The pH of the bath is adjusted. 

Tentative Evaluation of the Health Aspects of Citric Acid, Sodium Citrate, Potassium Citrate, Calcium Citrate, Triethyl Citrate, Isopropyl Citrate, and Stearyl Citrate as Food Ingredients, PB280 954, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Va., 1977. 

Organic acids Citric acid Aspergillus niger Effervescent products sodium citrate used as an anticoagulant potassium citrate used to treat cystitis... 

Citrated blood is diluted 1 10 with enzyme buffer solution, and preservative is added (H19). The buffer is prepared by dissolving 0.2 g of Clarase (Fisher Scientific Co., New York) in 100 ml citrate buffer (5 g potassium citrate monohydrate and 1 g citric acid monohydrate in 1000 ml distilled water, pH 5.6). The solution is incubated for 3 days at 37°. After incubation, it is autoclaved 15 minutes to stop enzymatic action and coagulate proteins. It is filtered, and 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 ml of the supernatant is added to individual flasks and assayed. Control flasks are included to estimate pantothenic acid contamination of the enzyme. 

Oxalate is found to be a frequent impurity in pharmaceutical substances belonging to the category of either organic acids e.g.. anhydrous citric acid, tartaric acid or salts of organic acids e.g., ferrous gluconate, sodium citrate, potassium citrate and sodium cromoglycate. The presence of this impurity is due to the following two prime factors, namely ... 

Calcium chloride Calcium citrate Calcium gluconate Calcium phosphate, monobasic Citric acid Disodium EDTA Glucono delta-lactone Oxystearin Phosphoric acid Potassium citrate... 

Curl (48), in a study conducted with a synthetic orange juice, reported that the loss of ascorbic acid occurred in the presence of citric acid and potassium citrate buffer alone, but that the losses were increased by the addition of the sugars, levulose, sucrose, and dextrose, in that order. He found that darkening of the synthetic juice occurred principally when both amino acids and sugars were present and, the effect was even more pronounced by the presence of ascorbic acid. 

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