Acids gluconic

The catal3dic oxidation of D-glucose to D-gluconic acid is indeed an attractive target in industrial chemistry. 

As discussed in Sect. 6.4.5, the oxidation of glucose or glucose-containing raw materials is of commercial importance since gluconic acid and its salts are important industrial products, used as additives in food and beverages and water-soluble cleansing agents. 

Rossi and co-workers studies [360,361] showed that gold on carbon catalyst is a valid alternative to most of the investigated multi-metallic catalysts based on Pd and/or Pt metals. Moreover, gold has a unique property, i.e., it operates without the external control of pH, thus ensuring total conversion at all pH values, and total selectivity to gluconic acid. 

Abbreviations BZ benzene, MEK methyl ethyl ketone and see Table 1.15 

Two reviews cover the microbial production processes for conversion of glucose to gluconic acid and its caldum and sodium salts (Milson and Meets 1985 Roehr et al. 1996). Hlasiwetz and 

Organic Acid and Soivent Production Acetic, Lactic, Gluconic, Succinic, and Polyhydroxyalkanoic Adds 

Desired properties Present bacteria [lactobacillus] Developing technologies 

High yield, 0.9 g of lactic acid/g of substrate Homolactic GET 

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Colourless crystals m.p. I25°C, soluble in water and alcohol. In aqueous solution forms equilibrium with its lactones. Gluconic acid is made by the oxidation of glucose by halogens, by electrolysis, by various moulds or by bacteria of the Acetobacter groups. 

Gluconic acid and other hydroxy acids act similarly. Sequestering agents are used extensively, e.g. for preventing deleterious catalytic effects of traces of Fe or Cu and in analysis. 

Diketo-gluconic acid (24) 2-Keto-L-gulonic acid (2-KGA)... 

A number of complex derivatives of antimony pentoxide with polyhydroxy compounds have been iavestigated as dmgs. The most important of these substances is known as antimony sodium gluconate [16037-91-5] C22H2Q02ySb2 9H20 3Na, which is prepared by the reaction of antimony pentoxide, gluconic acid, and sodium hydroxide (53). 

Gum-Saline. Gum is a galactoso—gluconic acid having molecular weight of approximately 1500. First used (16) in kidney perfusion experiments, gum—saline enjoyed great popularity as a plasma expander starting from the end of World War I. The aggregation state of gum depends on concentration, pH, salts, and temperature, and its coUoid oncotic pressure and viscosity are quite variable. Conditions were identified (17) under which the viscosity would be the same as that of whole blood. 

Another group of chelants that form stable chelates at high pH because of metal—alkoxide coordination are the sugar acids, such as gluconic acid [526-95-4] (1 )- Utility for this group is found in high alkalinity botde washes and other cleansers (19). 

BIOCHEMICAL REACTION CONVERSION OF GLUCOSE TO GLUCONIC ACID... 

Analysis of the rate equation and kinetic model of the conversion of glucose to gluconic acid is discussed in Chapter 11. 

Glucose oxidase, which catalyzes the oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid. 

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