Trisodium citrate

Hydrogenation of trisodium citrate over a Ni catalyst at 8.6 MPa (85 atm) and a temperature of 220—230°C results in hydrogenolysis fragments. 

Trisodium citrate is more widely used than any of the other salts of citric acid. It is generally made by neutralization of a water solution of citric acid using sodium hydroxide. The neutralization reaction is highly exothermic giving off 1109 J/g of citric acid. To conserve energy, the heat evolved can be used in the sodium citrate concentration and crystallization steps. 

D. L. Muck and H. L. Gewanter, "The Detergent Building Properties of Trisodium Citrate," paper presented at Re American Oil Chemist Society... 

E 331 Sodium citrates (i) Monosodium citrate (ii) Disodium citrate (iii) Trisodium citrate... 

Prepare citrate buffer as follows Dissolve 2.56 g citric acid and 2.36 g trisodium citrate in 50 mL double-distilled water stir with a magnetic stirrer for 15 min. The buffer may be stored at 4°C for approx 2 mo. 

Trisodium citrate 100 mg trisodium citrate and 10 mL deionized glass-distilled water dissolve sodium citrate in water prepare immediately prior to use. 

While vigorously stirring the solution using a TeflonT stir bar and a stirring hot plate, quickly add 4 mL of freshly prepared 1% aqueous trisodium citrate (see Note 6). 

In a 50-mL beaker, mix 4 mL of 1% freshly prepared aqueous trisodium citrate, 0.5 mL 1% tannic acid, and 0.5 mL 0.025 Mpotassium carbonate (to adjust pH). Add 15 mL of deionized glass-distilled water (see Note 7). 

Reynolds lead citrate (6) 1.33 g lead nitrate, 1.76 g trisodium citrate 2H2O 30 mL deionized glass-distilled water, and 8.0 mL 1 ANaOH (see Note 3). 

The sodium acetate-acetic acid combination is one of the most widely used buffers, and is usually referred to simply as acetate buffer. Other buffer combinations commonly employed in chemistry and biochemistry include carbonate-bicarbonate (sodium carbonate-sodium hydrogen carbonate), citrate (citric acid-trisodium citrate), phosphate (sodium dihydrogen phosphate-disodium hydrogen phosphate), and tris [tris(hydroxymethyl)amino-methane-HCl]. 

Extraction with 0.1 M trisodium citrate, centrifugation, acidification of supernatant at pH 4.6, centrifugation... 

A ddH2 0, filtered with 0.45 nm membrane filter and stored dust free and salt free in plastic bottles B 1% gold(III)chloride (tetrachloroauricadd) (w/v) inReagent A C 1% trisodium citrate (w/v) in Reagent A D aquaregia (chloronitrous acid) 1 vol. concentrated HCl+3 vol. concentrated HNO3... 

Fig. 9 Rate of hydrogen generation from nanotube arrays films of different lengths annealed at 530 °C. Electrode area of 1 cm 100 mW/cm visible light. In the inset FESEM cross-sectional image of 2.8 um long Xi02 nanotube array prepared by anodic oxidation of a titanium foil in an electrolyte containing potassium fluoride (KF 0.1 M), sodium hydrogen sulfate (1 M), trisodium citrate (0.2 M) and sodium hydroxide. Elaborated from Grimes et...

Fig. 3.5 TEM image of Au film-on-glass immersed for 3 min in a solution of PbAc2 (60 mM) and trisodium citrate (160 mM) at pH 10.8. Electron diffraction showed the black crystals to be hydrated lead oxide. 

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