Chlorinated ethylene copolymer

Examples of these products are dynamically cured EPDM-polypropylene and chlorinated ethylene copolymer TPE s recently introduced by Monsanto and Du Pont under the tradenames SANTOPRENE and ALCRYN . These new products are opening up new application areas for TPE s by providing low cost, direct substitutes for medium performance thermoset rubbers. Work in this product area is expanding rapidly and many new products are expected to be introduced in the near future. 

Extension of the chlorosulfonation technology to base resins other than polyethylene, where value can be added, seems a logical next step. Polypropylene and ethylene copolymers containing additional functionaUty, ie, maleic anhydride graft, vinyl acetate, acrylic acid, etc, have been chlorinated and chlorosulfonated to broaden the appHcation base, particularly in coatings and adhesives (9,10). 

Power Cables. The materials mosdy used to produce power cables are ethylene copolymers loaded with conductive carbon black for semiconductive shielding layers, polyethylene or ethylene—propylene mbber-based compounds as insulations, and either thermoplastic materials (eg, polyethylene, PVC) or thermosetting (based on chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSPE), chloroprene, etc) for jackets. 

Braun and co-workers [46] reported that reductive dechlorination of PVC using tri-n butyl tinhydride ( -Bu3SnH) leads to vinylchloride-ethylene copolymers. Copolymers were characterised by casting film from tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution in a potassium bromide disk. It is thought that the IR absorption peak at 750 cm"1 is ascribed to the (CH2)3 sequences and the peak at 720 cm"1 is due to the (CH2)n>5 sequences. As the dechlorination starts, the peak at 750 cm"1 due to CH2 sequences appears and intensifies with reaction time. The intensity of the peaks at 690 and 615 cm"1 due to the C-Cl stretching vibration slowly decreases. If the reduced PVC contains more than 46 wt% chlorine, only the absorption peak at 750 cm"1 appears in the IR spectra. If the chlorine content is less than 46 wt%, the peak at 720 cm"1 weakens. In this case the (CH2)n>5 sequences become more prominent than the -(CH2)3-sequences [46]. 

The chemicals may constitute a substantial portion of the finished textile. In many cases 10% or more of the fabric s final weight may derive from textile chemicals added to improve or enhance one or another of the fabric s properties. Representative raw materials employed for textile finishing applications are fatty alcohol ether sulfates, vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymers, hydrated alumina, alkylolamides, alkoxylates, chlorinated paraffins, alginates, sodium tripolyphosphates, sorbitan fatty acid esters, ethoxylated triglycerides, and silicones. 

Tetrabromobisphenol A di-2-hydroxyethyl ether Tetradecabromodiphenoxybenzene Tetrakis (2-chloroethyl) ethylene diphosphate Tris (2,3-dichloropropyl) phosphate flame retardant, EPS Tribromophenyl allyl ether flame retardant, ethyl cellulose Diphenyl octyl phosphate flame retardant, ethylene copolymers Ethylenebis (tetrabromophthalimide) flame retardant, expandable PS Dibromoethyidibromocyclohexane Tetrabromobisphenol A bis (allyl ether) Tetrabromocyclooctane flame retardant, extruded PS Tetrabromocyclooctane flame retardant, fabrics Antimony pentoxide Methylphosphonic acid, (5-ethyl-2-methyl-2-oxido-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinan-5-yl) methyl methyl ester flame retardant, fibers Antimony pentoxide Tetrabromoethane flame retardant, filament winding Epoxy resin, brominated flame retardant, film Tetrabromobis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate flame retardant, fire-retardant material Chlorinated paraffins (C12, 60% chlorine) Chlorinated paraffins (C23, 43% chlorine) flame retardant, flexible PU foam bedding Tetrakis (2-chloroethyl) ethylene diphosphate flame retardant, flexible PU foam furniture Tetrakis (2-chloroethyl) ethylene diphosphate flame retardant, flexible PU foam transportation Tetrakis (2-chloroethyl) ethylene diphosphate flame retardant, flexible PU foams furniture, automobile seating... 

Polyarylate resin Polyarylether ketone resin Polyester carbonate resin Polyetherimide resin Polyethylene, chlorinated Polyethylene glycol Polyethylene, medium density Poly (p-methylstyrene) Poly (p-methylstyrene), rubber-modified Poly (oxy-1,2-ethanediyloxycarbonyl-2,6-naphthalenediylcarbonyl) resin Poly (oxy-p-phenylenesulfonyl-p-phenyleneoxy-p-phenyleneisopropylidene-p-phenylene) resin Poly (phenyleneterephthalamide) resin Polysulfone resin Poly (tetramethylene terephthalate) Polyvinylidene chloride Potassium sorbate Potato (Solanum tuberosum) starch Silica, colloidal Silicone Sodium N-alkylbenzenesulfonate Sodium bicarbonate Sodium tetraborate pentahydrate Starch, pregelatinized Styrene/acrylates copolymer Styrene/butadiene polymer Styrene/DVB copolymer , 1,1 -Sulfonylbis (4-chlorobenzene) polymer with 4,4 -(1-methylethylidene) bis (phenol) and 4,4 -sulfonylbis (phenol) Synthetic wax Tapioca starch Tetrafluoroethylene/perfluoro (propyl vinyl ether) copolymer Tocopherol Triglycidyl isocyanurate VA/crotonates copolymer Vinyl chloride/ethylene copolymer Wheat (Triticum vulgare) starch... 

Acrylonitrile-chlorinated polyethylene-styrene copolymer Elastomeric ethyl (or other) acrylate-ethylene copolymer Terpolymer from acrylonitrile, ethylene-propylene elastomer, and styrene... 

PVC polyvinyl chloride with low-molecular organic admixtures as softeners, ECB ethylene copolymer bitumen, a mixture of about 50 % ethylene and 50 % bitumen, CPE chlorinated polyethylene and/or homogeneous mixture from chlorinated polyethylenes and PVC, EPDM terpolymer from polyethylene, polypropylene and a small amount of diene monomer. A flexible mbber is obtained by vulcanisation. 

Chlorinated rubber is used in topcoats for heavy duty maintenance paints because of its low water permeability. It is also used in tie coats on polyolefin plastics. Chlorinated rubber dehydrochlorinates and requires stabilizers similar to those used with PVC. Some metal salts, especially those of iron, tend to promote degradation of chlorinated rubber and so it degrades when applied over rusty steel. Chlorinated ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers have been developed that can be used to replace chlorinated rubber in at least some applications (183). 

Peroxides and crosslinking agents have the following functions [1,14,15) vulcanization of PO saturated rubbers crosslinking (especially PE and ethylene copolymers) in order to improve the dimensional stability control of MFI and MWD of PO (especially PP) chemical modification (grafting, chlorinating, etc.) initiation. Chemical classes are... 

Addition of ethylene copolymers to polyethylenes has been used to improve toughness, impact resistance, and chemical resistance in films and other forms [19]. Blends of polyethylene with ethylene-vinyl acetate formed two continuous phases, which could then be stabilized by crosslinking [20]. Addition of chlorinated polyethylene to polyethylene is helpful in reducing flammability [18]. 

Chlorinated PE, ethylene copolymer -I- bitumen roof covering with carrier web... 

LDPE, ethylene copolymer teehnieal lining and sealing materials, eonstmetion sealing webs, roof coverings Chlorinated PE coating materials... 

Partially fluorinated fluoropolymers contain hydrogen (H) or other atoms, such as chlorine or bromine, in addition to fluorine and carbon. The most significant are homopolymers and copolymers of vinylidene fluoride (VDF). There are also thermoplastic copolymers and homopolymers of CTFE and ethylene. Commercial examples of ethylene copolymers include ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE) and ethylene-chlorotrifluoro-ethylene copolymer (ECTFE). Polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) is only available as a homopolymer from one supplier. 

Crosslinking of CR, chlorobutyl rubber, chlorinated acryl rubber, epichlorohydrin rubber, ethylene-epichlorohydrin copolymer rubber, PVC, chlorinated ethylene and vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropene copolymer rubbers in presence of metal compounds such as MgO was studied in detail to elucidate mechanism, variables affecting reaction, points of crosslinking and relative reactivity of rubbers. Control techniques using retarders or accelerators, depending on halogen activity, were proposed. 17 refs. 

Many cellular plastics that have not reached significant commercial use have been introduced or their manufacture described in Hterature. Examples of such polymers are chlorinated or chlorosulfonated polyethylene, a copolymer of vinyUdene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene, polyamides (4), polytetrafluoroethylene (5), styrene—acrylonitrile copolymers (6,7), polyimides (8), and ethylene—propylene copolymers (9). 

Acrylonitrile—Butadiene—Styrene. ABS is an important commercial polymer, with numerous apphcations. In the late 1950s, ABS was produced by emulsion grafting of styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers onto polybutadiene latex particles. This method continues to be the basis for a considerable volume of ABS manufacture. More recently, ABS has also been produced by continuous mass and mass-suspension processes (237). The various products may be mechanically blended for optimizing properties and cost. Brittle SAN, toughened by SAN-grafted ethylene—propylene and acrylate mbbets, is used in outdoor apphcations. Flame retardancy of ABS is improved by chlorinated PE and other flame-retarding additives (237). 

Fig. 10. Preparation and morphology of toughened PVC (a) secondary PVC grain (50—250 flm) (b) modified PVC with coherent primary grain (ca 1 -lm) (220). CPE = chlorinated polyethylene EVA = ethylene—vinyl acetate copolymers ABS = acrylonitrile—butadiene—styrene MBS = methyl...

The most chemical-resistant plastic commercially available today is tetrafluoroethylene or TFE (Teflon). This thermoplastic is practically unaffected by all alkahes and acids except fluorine and chlorine gas at elevated temperatures and molten metals. It retains its properties up to 260°C (500°F). Chlorotrifluoroethylene or CTFE (Kel-F, Plaskon) also possesses excellent corrosion resistance to almost all acids and alkalies up to 180°C (350°F). A Teflon derivative has been developed from the copolymerization of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene. This resin, FEP, has similar properties to TFE except that it is not recommended for continuous exposures at temperatures above 200°C (400°F). Also, FEP can be extruded on conventional extrusion equipment, while TFE parts must be made by comphcated powder-metallurgy techniques. Another version is poly-vinylidene fluoride, or PVF2 (Kynar), which has excellent resistance to alkahes and acids to 150°C (300°F). It can be extruded. A more recent development is a copolymer of CTFE and ethylene (Halar). This material has excellent resistance to strong inorganic acids, bases, and salts up to 150°C. It also can be extruded. 

Random block copolymers of polyesters (hard segments) and amorphous glycol soft segments, alloys of ethylene interpolymers, and chlorinated polyolefins are among the evolving thermoplastic elastomers. 

Zone 2 acetal, ABS, chlorinated polyether, ethyl cellulose, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, furan, ionomer, phe-... 

Weathering Many plastics has short lives when exposed to outdoor conditions. The better materials include acrylic, chlorotri-fluorethylene, vinylidene fluoride, chlorinated polyether, polyester, alkyd, and black linear poly-ethylene. Black materials are best for outdoor service. Some of the styrene copolymers are suitable for certain outdoor uses (Chapter 2, WEATHERING/ ENVIRONMENT). 

Acrylic rubber Chlorinated polyethylene Chlorosulphonated polyethylene Ethylene-propylene copolymer Ethylene-propylene terpolymer Fluorocarbon rubbers (certain grades)... 

Unexpectedly, PVC/rubber blends show under certain circumstances quite a different morphology. This was shown experimentally for chlorinated polyethylene and ethylene-vinylacetate copolymers as rubber phase. 

---