Polyethylene glycol derivatives

The viscosity of PVC pastes may be reduced in many instances by the presence of certain polyethylene glycol derivatives and related materials. Because of their tendency to exude, the use of these viscosity depressants should be restricted to levels of less than 1% of the total mix. 

POE 6000 was used as polymeric support, a soluble polyethylene glycol derivative functionalized at both termini with an amino group and with an average molecular mass of 6000 Da [62-63]. After completion of the homogeneous reactions it can be precipitated, filtered off, and washed with diethyl ether, thereby facilitating the separation of surplus reagents and the side products. Furthermore it allows for NMR spectroscopic monitoring of the reactions [64]. 

TABLE 1. Selected Step 3 Four-Arm Polyethylene Glycol Derivatives ... 

Totten, G.E. and Clinton, N.A., Polyethylene glycol) derivatives as phase-transfer catalysts and solvents for organic-reactions, /. Macromol. Sci., Rev. Macromol. Chem. Phys., 1988, C28, 293. 

Weiner, B.-Z. and A. Zilkha. 1973. Polyethylene glycol derivatives of procalnteled. Chem16 573-574. 

Atlox 3470, a product of ICI Ltd. is classed as an anionic/ non-ionic surfactant comprised mainly of dodecyl benzene sulfonate (anionic) and a nonylphenol ethoxylate of polyethylene glycol (non-ionic emulsifyer). Recent evidence strongly suggests that the active agent in the viral enhancement coincident with Reye s syndrome is a polyethylene glycol derived from the polyethylene moiety of the parent emulsifyer when the number of repeating ethoxy units in the polymer approaches 9 or 10 (12). 

Raehs SC, Sandow J, Wirth K, Merkle HP (1988) The adjuvant effect of bacitracin on nasal absorption of gonadorelin and buserelin in rats. Pharm Res 5 689-693 Ramon J, Saez V, Baez R, Aldana R, Hardy E (2005) PEGylated Interferon-alpha2b A Branched 40K Polyethylene Glycol Derivative. Pharm Res 22 1375-1387 Reseland JE, Holm H, Jacobsen MB, Jenssen TG, Hanssen LE (1996) Proteinase inhibitors induce selective stimulation of human trypsin and chymotrypsin secretion. J Nutr 126 634-642... 

In a subsequent investigation by the author [2] bi-functional polyethylene glycol derivatives, (II), were prepared. 

Hydroxyl/carboxylic acid terminated polyethylene glycol derivatives, (V), were prepared by Varshney [5] and used as intermediates. 

Azide- and acetylene-terminated polyethylene glycol derivatives were prepared by Wilson [6] and used in biomedical applications. 

Antithrombonic esters, including co-poly-(A,A -sebacoyl-bis-(L-leucine)-l,6-hexylene diester), (III), and polyethylene glycol derivatives, (IV), were prepared by Pacetti [3] and Hossainy [4], respectively, and used as bio-absorbable stent coatings. 

In other investigations by the author [1], an additional polyethylene glycol derivative, (I), was prepared and used to modify lucifer-yellow modified lysozyme and bovine serum albumin. 

Isothiocyanate-terminated polyethylene glycol derivatives, (II) and (III), were prepared by Smith [2] and Acharya [3], respectively, and were effective in selectively reacting with biomolecules including antibodies, enzymes, and proteins. 

Thoma K, Ullmann E, Zelfel G. Investigation of the stability of penicillin G sodium in the presence of nonionic surface active agents (polyethylene glycol derivatives) [in German]. Arch Pharm 1962 295 670-678. 

A soluble polymer-bound version of the asymmetric dihydroxylation ligand is provided by DHQD-PHAL-OPEG-OMe, a polyethylene glycol derivative [152, 153]. The use of a PEG system with a ligand at each end allowed the dihydroxylation reaction to be run in a continuous flow system with a membrane to retain the ligand. Under these conditions, metal leaching was observed [154]. 

Nagakawa, T., Muneyuki, T., Mori, Y. Water solubilization by means of polyethylene glycol derivatives. Japan Patent7455 CA (1961) 55, 5879b, 1961. 

Kodera et al. [32] used a comb-shaped copolymer of polyethylene glycol derivative and maleic anhydride to abolish the enzyme s immunogenicity. Two different products were obtained—one having 85% of the original enzyme activity the other 46%. Following the modification process there was no longer demonstrable immunoreactivity toward anti-l-ASP antisera. In vivo studies have not been performed. 

Polyaddition occurs [11] to polyethylene glycol derivatives and note that we deliberately used ethyl derivatives to promote reaction at the end-groups. Reactions with CF2=CFCF3 (7-rays or peroxide initiation). 

Polyethylene Glycol) and Polyethylene Glycol) Derivatives as Rate-enhancing Additives... 

Zalipsky, S. and Barany, G., Preparation of polyethylene glycol derivatives with two different functional groups at the termini. Polymer Preprints (American Chemical Society, Division of Polymer Chemistry), 1986, 27(1), 1-2. 

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