Chloride Acrolein

Acetic Acid Acetic anhydride Acetoacetanilide Acetone cyanhydnn Acetyl chloride Acrolein Acrylonitrile Alcohols Alkaloids... 

Sodium nitrite Stannous chloride Acrolein Hydrogen... 

The reaction of an acyl chloride, acrolein, acetylene, and nickel carbonyl, in inert solvents, to give (XXXIII) and (XXXIV) is suggested to proceed by a similar mechanism, the acyl halide and acrolein reacting on the nickel atom to form a substituted allyl system (56). 

Ammonia, anhydrous Mercury, halogens, hypochlorites, chlorites, chlorine(I) oxide, hydrofluoric acid (anhydrous), hydrogen peroxide, chromium(VI) oxide, nitrogen dioxide, chromyl(VI) chloride, sulflnyl chloride, magnesium perchlorate, peroxodisul-fates, phosphorus pentoxide, acetaldehyde, ethylene oxide, acrolein, gold(III) chloride... 

Acrolein is highly toxic by skin absorption. Brief contact may result in the absorption of harmful and possibly fatal amounts of material. Skin contact causes severe local irritation and chemical bums. Poly(vinyl chloride) coated protective gloves should be used (99). 

Property AcryHc acid Acrolein AcryHc anhydride Acryloyl chloride Acrylamide... 

The direct oxidation of ethylene is used to produce acetaldehyde (qv) ia the Wacker-Hoechst process. The catalyst system is an aqueous solution of palladium chloride and cupric chloride. Under appropriate conditions an olefin can be oxidized to form an unsaturated aldehyde such as the production of acroleia [107-02-8] from propjiene (see Acrolein and derivatives). 

Since aHyl chloride could be converted to glycerol by several routes, the synthesis of glycerol from propylene [115-07-1] became possible. Propylene can also be oxidized in high yields to acrolein [107-02-8]. Several routes for conversion of acrolein to glycerol are shown in Figure 1. 

Many synthetic latices exist (7,8) (see Elastomers, synthetic). They contain butadiene and styrene copolymers (elastomeric), styrene—butadiene copolymers (resinous), butadiene and acrylonitrile copolymers, butadiene with styrene and acrylonitrile, chloroprene copolymers, methacrylate and acrylate ester copolymers, vinyl acetate copolymers, vinyl and vinyUdene chloride copolymers, ethylene copolymers, fluorinated copolymers, acrylamide copolymers, styrene—acrolein copolymers, and pyrrole and pyrrole copolymers. Many of these latices also have carboxylated versions. 

Although they lack commercial importance, many other poly(vinyl acetal)s have been synthesized. These include acetals made from vinyl acetate copolymerized with ethylene (43—46), propjiene (47), isobutjiene (47), acrylonitrile (48), acrolein (49), acrylates (50,47), aHyl ether (51), divinyl ether (52), maleates (53,54), vinyl chloride (55), diaHyl phthalate (56), and starch (graft copolymer) (47). 

Benzanthrone has been prepared by three general methods, the first of which is generally regarded as the best (i) by heating a reduction product of anthraquinone with sulfuric acid and glycerol,1 or with a derivative of glycerol, or with acrolein. The anthraquinone is usually reduced in sulfuric acid solution, just prior to the reaction, by means of aniline sulfate, iron, , or copper. It has also been prepared (2) by the action of aluminum or ferric chloride on phenyl-a-naphthyl ketone, and (3) from i-phenylnaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid. ... 

Other methods for the preparation of cyclohexanecarboxaldehyde include the catalytic hydrogenation of 3-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde, available from the Diels-Alder reaction of butadiene and acrolein, the reduction of cyclohexanecarbonyl chloride by lithium tri-tcrt-butoxy-aluminum hydride,the reduction of iV,A -dimethylcyclohexane-carboxamide with lithium diethoxyaluminum hydride, and the oxidation of the methane-sulfonate of cyclohexylmethanol with dimethyl sulfoxide. The hydrolysis, with simultaneous decarboxylation and rearrangement, of glycidic esters derived from cyclohexanone gives cyclohexanecarboxaldehyde. 

Lachrymator A lachrymator is an irritant that causes tearing (watering of the eyes). Examples include onions, tear gas, and pepper spray (capsaicin). Some typical lachrymating chemicals are thionyl chloride (SOClj) and acrolein (CHj=CH-CHO). Certain chemicals may say lachrymator on the label so treat these with respect. Use these only in a fume hood. Goggles or safety glasses are not adequate protection for lachrymators, because the fumes can still reach your eyes directly or through inhalation. 

Other routes for obtaining glycerol are also based on propylene. It can be produced from allyl chloride or from acrolein and isopropanol (see following sections). 

In a tared Erlenmeyer flask surrounded by an ice-salt bath is placed 100 g. (1.78 moles) of acrolein (Org. Syn. 6,1) (Note 1). When the temperature has dropped to —10 to —15° a current of dry hydrogen chloride (Org. Syn. 6, 64) is passed into the acrolein until it shows a gain in weight of 65 g. (1.78 moles). This requires about two hours. The product thus obtained is a clear, viscous, slightly yellow liquid which becomes very turbid and dark colored on standing one or two days (Note 2). 

The general plan of Organic Syntheses has been discussed in the prefaces of the previous volumes. In this volume are published two distinctly different methods of preparation for each of two compounds. The directions for producing /3-chloro-propionic acid first from acrolein and second from trimethylene chlorohydrin, and for producing trimethylacetic acid first from terJ-butyl chloride and second from pinacolone, have been included. This has been deemed advisable since in some countries one raw material is more readily available than the other. 

Telescope the Process by Combining Stages. This has been done successfully in the conversion of propylene to acrylonitrile by direct ammoxidation rather than oxidation to acrolein followed by reaction with ammonia in a separate stage, as was described in the earlier patent literature. The oxychlorination of ethylene and HC1 directly to vinyl chloride monomer is another good example of the telescoping of stages to yield an economic process. 

Allylmagnesium bromide, 41, 49 reaction with acrolein, 41, 49 5-Allyl-l,2,3,4,5-pentachlorocyclopen-tadiene, 43, 92 Allyltriphenyltin, 41, 31 reaction with phenyllithium, 41, 30 Aluminum chloride, as catalyst, for isomerization, 42, 9 for nuclear bromination and chlorination of aromatic aldehydes and ketones, 40, 9 as Friedel-Crafts catalyst, 41, 1 Amidation, of aniline with maleic anhydride, 41, 93... 

A. 2,3-Dibromopropionaldehyde diethyl acetal. A 500-ml., three-necked, round-bottomed flask is equipped with a mechanical stirrer, a pressure-equalizing dropping funnel fitted with a calcium chloride drying tube, and a thermometer. The flask and dropping funnel are charged with 28.0 g. (0.5 mole) of freshly distilled acrolein and 80.0 g. (0.5 mole) of bromine, respectively. The acrolein is stirred rapidly and cooled to 0° in an ice-salt bath, then bromine is added at a rate such that the temperature is kept at... 

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