Cell in tissue culture

Abercrombie, M Heaysman, J.E.M. (1954). Social behavior of cells in tissue culture. II. Monolayering of fibroblasts. Exp. Cell Res. 6. 293-306. 

The long incubation times of many human virus diseases indicate that they replicate slowly in host cells. In tissue culture systems it has been shown that most human viruses take from 4 to 24 hours to complete a single replication cycle, contrasting with the 30 or so minutes for many bacterial viruses. 

Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) has a well recognized role as a trophic and survival factor for nervous system cells in tissue culture [26]. However, its specific functions in the developing and mature nervous system have been difficult to define largely because its actions as a trophic... 

The bone becomes depleted of calcium salts when the urine is acidic over a relatively long period. This was shown by Goto (17) who fed rabbits large doses of hydrochloric acid. He then showed that urinary calcium loss occurred in concert with a marked reduction in mass of the skeletal system, and also that the total non-fat dry weight of bone decreased,implying a loss of bone matrix. A dose-dependent, dietary acid induced loss of labelled calcium from rat bone has been reported by Thorn and his coworkers (18). They demonstrated that in response to graded doses of ascorbic acid, cells in tissue culture, and bones in whole animals fed such doses were depleted of the labelled calcium. 

Ford, D.K. and Yerganian, G. (1958). Observations on the chromosomes of Chinese hamster cells in tissue culture. J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 21 393-425. 

D. H. Pluznik and L. Sachs, The cloning of normal mast cells in tissue culture, J.Cell.Comp.Physiol. 66, 319-324 (1965). 

Small-scale in vitro test systems may now be employed to assess biopharmaceutical properties or the drug s potential behaviour after in vivo administration. For example, drug penetration through monolayers of epithelial cells in tissue culture can be used to examine bioavailability. The drug s metabolism can be studied in vitro using hepatic microsomes and potentially toxic metabolites identified before problems arise in vivo Although not absolute, these tests... 

The greatest research effort on radiation sensitizers has focused on organic compounds however, platinum complexes conform to the hypotheses for radiation sensitizers since they are electron affinic and react preferentially with the hydrated electron in aqueous solution. Early studies of cisplatin in combination with radiation therapy suggested a synergistic effect in antitumor activity (50,51). Much of the initial data were obtained using cells in tissue culture (52), these data indicated that the potential of cisplatin to inhibit repair of radiation-induced damage to DNA could be an important contributor to the enhanced tumor cell killing seen in vivo by the combination of these two modes of treatment. 

It is obtained from cultures of human renal cells in tissue culture and it is a proteolytic enzyme. It activates plasminogen directly. Plasmin acts on fibrin and fibrinolysis occurs. It is non antigenic. 

Katsuta, H. and Takaoka, T. (1975). Chemical carcinogenesis of mammalian epithelial cells in tissue culture, Cancer Res. 17,59. 

Recombinant DNA is introduced into cells in tissue culture. 

Isolated animal cells in tissue culture, no matter how highly differentiated, tend to revert quickly to one of three basic types known as epitheliocytes, mechanocytes, and amebocytes. Epitheliocytes are closely adherent cells derived from epithelial tissues and thought to be related in their origins to the two surface layers of the embryonic blastula. Mechanocytes, often called fibroblasts or fibrocytes, are derived from muscle, supporting, or connective tissue. Like the amebocytes, they arise from embryonic mesenchymal tissue cells that have migrated inward from the lower side of the blastula (Chapter 32). Neurons, neuroglia, and lymphocytes are additional distinct cell types. 

Effective cloning systems are available for a variety of bacterial hosts, including Bacillus subtilis, Streptomyces spp., and Agrobacter tumefaciens. Cloning systems have also been developed for eukaryotic hosts such as the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mammalian cells in tissue culture, and plant cells. 

Figure 1. Fibroblast cells as seen by stereoscan microscopy Left Surface of cell in tissue culture (X 18,000)...

Buemi et al. reported that the addition of Hey to the medium of smooth muscle cells in tissue culture caused a significant increase in cell proliferation and death through apoptosis and necrosis. When folic acid was added to the culture medium, homocysteine concentrations in media were reduced and the effects of Hey on the proliferation/apopto-sis/necrosis balance of cells in culture were inhibited (62). Ozer et al. (63) showed that the MAPK kinase pathway is involved in DNA synthesis and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle induced by homocysteine. 

Eagle H (1955), Nutrition needs of mammalian cells in tissue cultures, Science 122 501-504. 

Gstraunthaler G, Seppi T, Pfaller W (1999), Impact of culture conditions, culture media volumes and glucose content on metabolic properties of renal epithelial cell cultures. Are renal cells in tissue culture hypoxic , Cell. Physiol. Biochem. 9 150-172. 

Reichl et al. have measured the concentration of LDL cholesterol in lymph, and compared it with that in plasma (R9). Knowing the concentration of LDL cholesterol above which maximum suppression of B-100,E receptors occurs in cells in tissue culture, it has been calculated that LDL levels in interstitial fluids would be sufficient to occupy LDL receptor sites in body cells if the plasma LDL-cholesterol concentration was only 25 mg/100 ml (R9). LDL cholesterol in industrialized man is at least four times that level, that is, well above the level at which maximum suppression of most LDL receptors would be expected to occur. 

Kolodney MS, Wysolmerski RB. Isometric contraction by fibroblasts and endothelial cells in tissue culture A quantitative study. J Cell Biol. 1992 117 73-82. 

Fig. 5. The effects of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) on macromolecular syntheses in human amniotic cells in tissue culture at a concentration (5 pM = 1 ppm) similar to that found in tumor cells in animals treated with a therapeutic dose of the drug. DNA Synthesis is measured by the incorporation of radioactively labeled thymidine and is severely and persistently inhibited. The synthesis of RNA, measured by radioactive uridine, and protein, measured by radioactive leucine is not significantly different from control (nontreated) cells represented by the horizontal bar at 1.00.

Woodfork KA, Wonderlin WF, Peterson VA, Strobl JS (1995) Inhibition of ATP-sensitive potassium channels causes reversible cell-cycle arrest of human breast cancer cells in tissue culture. J Cell Physiol 162 163-171... 

The semiconservative replication of DNA at the chromosomal level was shown by J. H. Taylor and coworkers. Using autoradiography and bean seedling root cells in tissue culture, they showed that, after a part of a cycle of duplication with [3H]thymidine (a selective label for DNA), the two chromosomes, descended from an original unlabeled chromosome, were both labeled. Following an additional duplication in the absence of labeled thymidine, the labeled chromosome yielded one labeled and one unlabeled descendant, as predicted by the semiconservative mechanism. 

Bornstein MB (1958) Reconstituted rattail collagen used as substrate for tissue cultures on coverslips in Maximow slides and roller tubes. Lab Invest 7 134-137 Bowman PD, Ennis SR, Rarey KE et al. (1983) Brain microvessel endothelial cells in tissue culture a model for study of blood-brain barrier permeability. Ann Neurol 14 396-402 Eisenblatter T, Galla HJ (2002) A new multidrug resistance protein at the blood-brain barrier. Biochem Biophys Res Com-mun 293 1273-1278... 

A commonly used test of the viability of cells in tissue culture is whether or not they exclude a so-called supravital dye such as toluidine blue. If the cells exclude the dye, they are considered to be viable. What is the biochemical basis of this test ... 

THC does not appear to be carcinogenic, but there is plenty of evidence that the tar derived from cannabis smoke is. Bacteria exposed to cannabis tar develop mutations in the standard Ames test for carcinogenicity (53), and hamster lung cells in tissue culture develop accelerated malignant transformations within 3-6 months of exposure to tobacco or cannabis smoke (54). 

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