Acid, dietary

Arsenic acid Dietary levels of 350 mg/kg resulted in blindness and optic disc 6... 

In 1989, the amino acid dietary supplement L-tryptophan was thought to he associated with an outbreak of eosinophila-myalgia syndrome (EMS), a condition characterized by an increase in white blood cell count, severe muscle pain, and other skin and neuromuscular problems. Later studies showed that an impurity present during the manufacture of the amino acid was probably responsible for the outbreak of EMS and that the amino acid itself was probably safe for human consumption. 

Copper absorption is depressed by ascorbic acid, dietary phytuies. cadmium, mercury, silver, and zinc. It appears that metals impede copper absorption through competition lor meml-hinding sites. Dietary copper, molybdenum, amt sulfur arc closely interrelated in optimum copper und molybdenum nutrition of ruminants. Increase pasture molybdenum content and low-pasture copper result in a condition known as "peat scours. ... 

Grant, T.D., R.G. Wuilloud, J.C. WuiUoud, et al. 2004. Investigation of the elemental composition and chemical association of several elements in fulvic acids dietary supplements by size-exclusion chromatography UV inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric. J. Chmmatogr. A 1054 313-319. 

Taurine Osmotic agent in retina and used for conjugation of bile acids dietary essential for cats... 

Yamanaka, N. Oda, O. Nagao, S. Prooxidant activity of caffeic acid, dietary non-flavonoid phenolic acid, on Cu -induced low density lipoprotein oxidation. FEBS Lett. 1997, 405, 186-190. 

CLA (Conjugated Linoleic Acid) c/s-9-trans-ll conjugated linoleic acid dietary anticancer agent... 

Considerable data are available on the insect s requirement for l- ascorbic acid. Dietary vitamin C is needed for normal growth, molting, and fertility of many insects, and vitamin C, or another compound with similar biological properties, is probably an essential growth... 

Although the water-soluble vitamins are structurally diverse, they are put in a general class to distinguish them from the lipid-soluble vitamins. This cla.ss includes the B-complex vitamins and ascorbic acid (vitamin C). The term B-complex vitamins usually refers to thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine. nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid, hiotin. cyanocobalamin. and folic acid. Dietary deficiencies of any of the B vitamins commonly are complicated by deftciencies of another mem-ber(s) of the group,. so treatment with B-complex preparations is usually indicated. 

Delion S, Chalon S, Guilloteau D, Besnard JC, Durand G. a-Linolenic acid dietary deficiency alters age-related changes of dopaminergic and serotoninergic neurotransmission in the rat frontal cortex. J Neurochem 1996 66 1582-1591. 

Organisms vary widely in their ability to synthesize amino acids. Dietary amino acid requirements for organisms vary from all to none. Mammals require about half of the amino acids in their diet for growth and maintenance of normal nitrogen balance (see here). Amino acids that must be provided in the diet to meet an animal s metabolic needs are called essential amino acids (Table 20.1). Those that need not be provided because they can be biosynthesized in adequate amounts are called nonessential amino acids. 

Fig. 33.19. Conversion of linoleic acid to arachidonic acid. Dietary linoleic acid (as linoleoyl CoA) is desaturated at carbon 6, elongated by 2 carbons, and then desaturated at carbon 5 to produce arachidonyl CoA.

Metabolic changes in PUFA such as linoleic acid to less highly saturated acids such as oleic and stearic acids affect the amount of linoleic acid. Dietary fats high in oleic acid should reduce the transformation of stearic and linoleic acids to other FA. The reduction of linoleic acid to palmitic and pahnitoleic acids can also be assumed. 

Brazil nut contains small amounts of other minor bioactives and essential micronutrients such as essential minerals, phytic acid, dietary fiber, and thiamin. Brazil nut is an excellent source of magnesium, potassium, and calcium. 

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