Social behavior

Abercrombie, M Heaysman, J.E.M. (1954). Social behavior of cells in tissue culture. II. Monolayering of fibroblasts. Exp. Cell Res. 6. 293-306. 

While some of these dynamics are natural, others are due to technological systems, or to cultural/social behavior or changes. While some of them can be described with high precision (e.g., fluid dynamics in a pipe or WWTP efficiencies), others can be approached (e.g., prevision of water demand) or estimated with low precision (e.g., rainfall regime of next years). 

After 10 days of exposure, reduced social behavior and reduced exploratory behavior were observed in rats exposed to 100 ppm trichloroethylene 6 hours per day 5 days per week for a total of 5 weeks (Silverman and Williams 1975). In rats exposed to 50 or 100 ppm trichloroethylene 8 hours/day, 5 days/week for 6 weeks, effects on sleep patterns were observed (Arito et al. 1994a). At 50 ppm decreased wakefulness was observed during the exposure. Effects remaining at 22 hours after the end of the 6-week exposure included decreased heart rate during sleep at 50 ppm and decreased wakefulness after exposure of 100 ppm (Arito et al. 1994a). Based on the 50-ppm LOAEL identified in the Arito et al. (1994a) study, an intermediate-duration inhalation MRL of 0.1 ppm was calculated as described in the footnote in Table 2-1. 

In experiments with mice and squirrel monkeys, we confirmed and extended the antagonism of amphetamine-induced motor hyperactivity by naltrexone at the same time, however, amphetamine s disruption of aggressive and social behavior was not reversed by naltrexone (Winslow and Miczek, in press). Specifically, in mice, the resident s attack and threat behavior toward an intruder was even further reduced by amphetamine after naltrexone pretreatment (figure 7). Squirrel monkeys that are dominant within their social group exhibit significantly lower levels of aggressive display toward other group members and initiate fewer social interactions after amphetamine treatment naltrexone did not block these effects. The interactive effects of amphetamine and naltrexone on locomotor behavior are consistent with the proposed modulation of dopamine-mediated functions by opioids however, the interaction between amphetamine and naltrexone on social behavior appears to involve a different mechanism. 

Chance, M.R.A. A peeuliar form of social behavior induced in mice by amphetamine. Behaviour 1 60-70, 1946a. 

Eison, M.S. Wilson, WJ. and Ellison, G. A refillable system for continuous amphetamine administration Effects upon social behavior in rat colonies. Commun Psychopharmacol 2 151-157, 1978. 

Ellison, G. Stages of constant amphetamine intoxication Delayed appearance of abnormal social behaviors in rat colonies. Psychopharmacology 56 293-299, 1978. 

Griffiths, R.R., Stitzer, M. Corker, K. Bigelow, G. and Liebson, I. Drug-produeed ehanges in human social behavior Faeilitation by d-amphetamine. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 7 365-372, 1977. 

Miczek, K.A., and Yoshimura, H. Disruption of primate social behavior by (/-amphetamine and cocaine Differential antagonism by antipsychotics. Psychopharmacology 76 163-171, 1982. 

Beauchamp G.K., Magnus J.G., Shmunes N.T. and Durham T. (1977). Effects of olfactory bulbectomy on social behavior of male guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus). J Comp Physiol Psychol 91, 336-346. 

Block M Volpe L. and Hayes M. (1981). Saliva as a chemical cue in the development of social behavior. Science 211, 1062-1064. 

Newman S. (1999). The medial extended amygdala in male reproductive behavior — a node in the mammalian social behavior network. Ann NY Acad Sci 877, 242-257. 

Wysocki C.J., Bean N.J. and Beauchamp G. (1986). The mammalian vomeronasal system its role in learning and social behaviors. In Chemical Signals in Vertebrates 4 (Duvall D., et al., eds.). Plenum, New York, pp. 471-485. 

Fabrega, H. Jr. (1974). Disease and Social Behavior An Interdisciplinary Perspective. Cambridge, MA MIT Press. 

Brown, P. (1987), Diagnostic conflict and contradiction in psychiatry , Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 28, 37-50. 

Leypold, B. G. et al. Altered sexual and social behaviors in trp2 mutant mice. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 99 6376-6381, 2002. 

Lead adversely affected the survival of sensitive mammals tested at different concentrations (Table 4.8) 5 to 108 mg Pb/kg BW in rats (acute oral), 0.32 mg Pb/kg BW daily in dogs (chronic oral), and 1.7 mg Pb/kg diet in horses (chronic dietary). Adverse sublethal effects (Table 4.8) were noted in monkeys given 0.1 mg Pb/kg BW daily (impaired learning 2 years postadministration) or fed diets containing 0.5 mg Pb/kg (abnormal social behavior) in rabbits given 0.005 mg Pb/kg BW (reduced blood ALAD activity) or 0.03 mg Pb/kg BW (elevated blood lead levels) in mice at 0.05 mg Pb/kg BW (reduced ALAD activity) or in sheep at 0.05 mg Pb/kg BW (tissue accumulations). 

Infants given 0.5 mg Pg/kg diet for 4 weeks Hyperactivity, insomnia, abnormal social behavior 18... 

Another method to assess skills is to observe how the client works with others in group sessions, how the client interacts with others during nontherapy situations at your center, or even to observe client interaction with you in and out of session. Observation of this social behavior provides insight into how the client may interact with others outside treatment, and whether that style of interaction is appropriate. Finally, role-playing in session gives you an opportunity to observe the client in action. For example, you may want a client to role-play with you in session how he or she will deal with specific relationship problems in order to observe how the client might interact outside of session. This provides an opportunity to correct inappropriate or dysfunctional behavior in a safe situation, as well as practice new skills. In addition, you get to observe the client under some pressure if the role-play is done realistically, and that will provide you a great deal of information that can help you help your client. 

Southwick, C.H. (1955) Regulatory mechanisms of house mouse populations social behavior affecting litter survival. Ecology. 36, 627-634. 

Thiessen, D. and Rice, M. (1976) Mammalian scent gland marking and social behavior. Psychol. Bull. 83, 505-39. 

Marr, J. N. and Gardner, L. E. (1965) Early olfactory experience and later social behavior in the rat Preference, sexual responsiveness and care of young. J.Genetic Psych. 107, 167-174. 

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