Nervous system cells

Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) has a well recognized role as a trophic and survival factor for nervous system cells in tissue culture [26]. However, its specific functions in the developing and mature nervous system have been difficult to define largely because its actions as a trophic... 

Villegas, S. N., Poletta, F. A. and Carr, N. G. Glia a reassessment based on novel data on the developing and mature central nervous system. Cell Biol. Int. 27 599-609, 2003. 

NO has complex roles in immunological host responses against viruses, and especially against HIV-1 infection. In HIV-1 infection, NO cannot be rigidly classified as an anti-inflammatory or proinflammatory molecule, but it can be deemed a true inflammatory mediator. Many studies support a proviral effect of NO in HIV-1 infection, mainly based on stimulation of viral replication, and on toxic effects on various cells, including central nervous system cells, via oxidative injury that may cause cellular and organ dysfunction, and immunosuppression and immunopathology, especially in the central nervous system. 

Fukumoto, H., Deng, A., Irizarry, M.C., Fitzgerald, M.L., Rebeck, G.W. (2002) Induction of the cholesterol transport ABCAl in central nervous system cells by liver X receptor agonists increases secreted AP levels. J. Biol. Chem., 277, 48508-48513. 

In the centtal nervous system, cells other than neurones are present. Indeed, they outnumber the neurones. They constitute what is called, collectively, the neuroglia. These cells act as helper , nurse or support cells for the neurones. There are at least four types of glial cells ... 

Serafini, T., Colamarino, S.A., Leonardo, E.D., Wang, H., Bedding-ton, R., Skarnes, W.C., and Tessier-Lavigne, M. (1996) Netrin-1 is required for commissural axon guidance In the developing vertebrate nervous system. Cell 87 1001-1014. 

Lee G, lingsch C, Lyle PT, et al Lithium treatment strongly inhibits choline transport in human erythrocytes. Br J Chn Pharmacol 1 365-370, 1974 Lee KF, li E, Huber J, et al Targeted mutation of the gene encoding the low affinity NGF receptor p75 leads to deficits in the peripheral nervous system. Cell 69 737-749, 1992... 

Johansson, C.B., Momma, S., Clarke, D.L., Risling, M., Lendahl, U., Frisen, J. (1999). Identification of a neural stem cell in the adult mammalian central nervous system. Cell,... 

Habgood MD, Begley DJ, Abbott NJ. Determinants of passive drug entry into the central nervous system. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2000 20 231-253. 

Y. Yamada, T. Doi, T. Hamakubo and T. Kodama, Scavenger receptor family proteins roles for atherosclerosis, host defense and disorders of the central nervous system, Cell Mol. Life Sci. 54 (1998) 628-640. 

Kulkami-Narla A, Brown DR (2000) Localization of CBl-cannabinoid receptor immunoreactivity in the porcine enteric nervous system. Cell Tissue Res 302(l) 73-80 Kushmerick C, Price GD, Taschenberger H, Puente N, Renden R, Wadiche JI, Duvoisin RM, Grandes P, von Gersdorff H (2004) Retroinhibition of presynaptic Ca2+ currents by en-docannabinoids released via postsynaptic mGluR activation at a calyx synapse. J Neurosci 24(26) 5955-65... 

Chameau P, van Hooft JA (2006) Serotonin 5-HT(3) receptors in the central nervous system. Cell Tissue Res 326 573-81... 

M. Chillon, A. Bosch, J. Zabner, L. Law, D. Armentano, M. J. Welsh, and B. L. Davidson, Group D adenoviruses infect primary central nervous system cells more efficiently than those from group C, J. Virol. 73 2537 (1999). 

Various animal cell lines can be cultivated in vitro, such as cardiac cells, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, endocrine cells (such as pituitary, adrenal, and pancreatic cells), epithelial cells (such as liver, mammary, lung, and kidney cells), tumor cells (such as melanocytes), nervous system cells (such... 

Srinivasan A, Roth KA, Sayers RO, Shindler KS, Wong AM, Fritz LC, et al. In situ immunodetection of activated caspase-3 in apoptotic neurons in the developing nervous system. Cell Death Differ 1998 5 1004-1016. 

Henkemeyer, M. et al. (1996). Nuk controls pathfinding of commissural axons in the mammalian central nervous system. Cell 86, 35-46. 

Fujita S (2003) Tire discovery of die Matrix cell, die idendficadon of die muldpotent neural stem cell and die development of die centi al nervous system. Cell Sti uct Funct 28 205—228. 

NSCs isolated from fetal nervous tissue have the potential to differentiate into all types of nervous system cells, including neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes, so NSCs also have the capacity to replace damaged tissue in both the CNS and PNS. NSCs will restore functional neurons and glia and regenerate injured tissue. It is this characteristic of neural stem cells that makes them a potentially valuable transplantation material in a host of disorders. 

Alternatively, endothelial cells and astrocytes (which compose the blood-brain banier) are infected directly (Strelow et al., 2001). A valiant of this theory is that infectious virions are transported in the cytoplasm of astrocytes and endothelial cells, and eventually transfeired to central nervous system cells by trans-cytosis or macropynocytosis) (Marechal et al., 2001). 

Fujita S (2003) The discovery of the Matrix cell, the identification of the multipotent neural stem cell and the development of the cenhal nervous system. Cell Struct Funct 28 205-228. 

Patrick, J. Heinemarm, S. Members of a nicotinic acetyl-chohne receptor gene family are expressed in different regions of the mammalian central nervous system. Cell 47. 1987, 48, 965-973. 

Richardson, W.D., Pringle, N., Mosley, M.J., Westermark, B. and Dubois-Dalcq, M. (1988) A role for platelet-derived growth factor in normal gliogenesis in the central nervous system. Cell 53 309-319. 

Kruse, J., Keilhauer, G., Faissner, A., TimpI, R. and Schach-ner, M. (1985) The J1 glycoprotein - a novel nervous system cell adhesion molecule of the L2/HNK-1 family. Nature (London) 216 146-148. 

Chem, Y. (2000) Regulation of adenylyl cyclase in the central nervous system. Cell Signal 12 195-204. 

Kulkarni-Narla, A. and Brown, D.R. (2000) Localization of CBpcannabinoid receptor immunoreactivity in the porcine enteric nervous system. Cell Tissue Res. 302 73-80. 

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