Radiation-induced damage

The dependence on target mass makes ion scattering techniques ideal for the study of multielement systems. By increasing the incident ion mass, the energy separation between different elements becomes larger. On the other hand, radiation-induced damage becomes a more important consideration. 

Darr D, Combs S, Dunston S, Manning T, Pinnel S (1992) Topical vitamin C protects porcine skin from ultraviolet radiation-induced damage. Br J Dermatol 127 247-253... 

Jaenke, R.S. and G.M. Angleton. 1990. Perinatal radiation-induced damage in the beagle. Radiation Res. 122 58-65. 

Radiation absorbed dose (rad) Radiation-induced damage to biological tissue results from the absorption of energy in or around the tissue. The amount of energy absorbed in a given volume of tissue is related to the types and numbers of radiations and the interactions between radiations and tissue atoms and molecules. The fundamental unit of the radiation absorbed dose is the rad 1 rad = 100 erg (absorbed)/g material. In the latest nomenclature, 100 rad = 1 gray (Gy). 

Botis, S.M., Pan, Y., Bonli, T., Xu, Y., Sopuck, V., Nokhrin, S. 2006. Natural radiation-induced damage in quartz. II. Implications for uranium mineralization in the Athabasca Basin. Canadian Mineralogist, 44, 1387-1402. 

The greatest research effort on radiation sensitizers has focused on organic compounds however, platinum complexes conform to the hypotheses for radiation sensitizers since they are electron affinic and react preferentially with the hydrated electron in aqueous solution. Early studies of cisplatin in combination with radiation therapy suggested a synergistic effect in antitumor activity (50,51). Much of the initial data were obtained using cells in tissue culture (52), these data indicated that the potential of cisplatin to inhibit repair of radiation-induced damage to DNA could be an important contributor to the enhanced tumor cell killing seen in vivo by the combination of these two modes of treatment. 

Paul CR, Budzinski EE, Maccubbin A, Wallace JC, Box HC (1990) Characterization of radiation-induced damage in d(TpApCpG). Int J Radiat Biol 58 759-768 Schroder E, Budzinski EE, Wallace JC.ZimbrickJD, Box HC (1995) Radiation chemistry of d(ApCpGpT). Int J Radiat Biol 68 509-523... 

Close DM (1999) Where are the sugar radicals in irradiated DNA Radiat Res 147 663-673 Close DM (2003) Model calculations of radiation induced damage in DNA constituents using density functional theory. In Leszczynski J (ed) Computational chemistry, reviews of current trends, Vol. 8. World Scentific, Singapore, pp 209-247... 

Distel L, Distel B, Schussler H (2002) Formation of DNA double-strand breaks and DNA-protein crosslinks by irradiation of DNA in the presence of a protein. Radiat Phys Chem 65 141-129 Dizdaroglu M (1986) Chemical characterization of ionizing radiation-induced damage to DNA. Bio Techniques 4 536-546... 

Razskazovskiy Y, Debije MG, Bernhard AW (2003a) Strand breaks produced in X-irradiated crystalline DNA influence on base sequence. Radiat Res 159 663-669 Razskazovskiy Y, Debije MG, Elowerton SB, Williams LD, Bernhard AW (2003b) Strand breaks in X-irradiated crystalline DNA alternating CG oligomers. Radiat Res 160 334-339 Redpath JL, Zabilansky E (1979) Photoreactivation of ionizing-radiation-induced damage in E. coli. 

Sy D, Flouzat C, Eon S, Charlier M, Spotheim-Maurizot M (2001) Modelling radiation-induced damage in the lac operator-lac repressor complex. DNA damage 8-oxoguanine. Theor Chem Acc 106 137-145... 

Dizdaroglu M (1992) Measurement of radiation-induced damage to DNA at the molecular level. Int J Radiat Biol 61 175-183... 

Scientists should focus on the initial steps of the processes (identification of the transient radical species with dedicated techniques like ESR or pulsed radiolysis), the kinetic aspect, and sensitive external parameters, like the nature of the radiation (a, p, y e ), to control the accumulation of radiation-induced damage. Dedicated tools need to be built. 

Hopewell, J.W., van den Aardweg, G.J., Morris, G.M. et al., Amelioration of both early and late radiation-induced damage to pig skin by essential fatty acids, Int. J. Rad. Oncol. Biol. Physics., 30, 1119, 1994. 

Keywords Radiation Induced Damage, Ionization Potential, Electron Affinity (EA), Low Energy... 

On the other hand, natural radioactivity has been noticeable throughout evolution, and radiation-induced damages are usually efficient triggers of DNA repair. 

Cadet J, Douki T, Gasparutto D, Ravanat J-L. (2005) Radiation-induced damage to cellular DNA Measurement and biological role. Rad Rhys Chem 72 293-299. 

Influence of dithiothreitol and cysteamine on the protection and repair of radiation-induced damage to DNA... 

All absolute dating methods that have proven dependable are based on radioactive decay. Virtually all of the methods depend on the methodical decrease in the amount of the radioactive nuclide and the growth of the corresponding daughter product. The one exception is in the area of radiation-induced damage in solids, which is the basis of thermoluminescence or ESR dating. This latter scheme will be dealt with later in the chapter. Here the basic principles of canonical radioactive geochronometry as applied to marine deposits is reviewed. 

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