Carrageenan induced paw edema

Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-7//-triazolo [3,2-b][l, 2,4]triazin-7-one (HWA-131)is anon-immunosuppressive drug that effectively inhibited carrageenan-induced paw edema, attenuated the active Arthus reaction, and demonstrated antierythema as well as antipyretic activity. Part of the antiinflammatory effect of this new compound is most probably related to its antioxidative activity as well as inhibition of lipoxygenase... 

L-701,324 has been shown to reverse the inflammation-induced mechanical hyperalgesia in rats without affecting the accompanying carrageenan-induced paw edema (Laird et al., 1996). 

Two commonly used models to detect anti-inflammatory activity are carrageenan-induced paw edema and adjuvant-induced polyarthritis in rats. The former represents an acute and the latter a chronic inflammatory process. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents inhibit the formation of carrageenan-induced paw edema. However, to detect activity in the developing and established phases of chronic inflammation, the polyarthritis model is well accepted. In both tests the measured endpoint is volume of the hind paw. This is done by immersing the hind paw in the well of a mercury displacement... 

Cryptolepine has been found to possess anti-inflammatoiy effects in the carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats (27) and Iwu (as cited in Iwu et al 1999) has also reported that the compound has shown histamine antagonism (1). 

Sideritis llcia Lavandulifolioside Anti-inflammatory against carrageenan-induced paw edema Active [29]... 

In the last few years, interest in triterpenes as anti-inflammatory agents and their mechanisms of action has also increased greatly. Oleanolic acid and ursolic acid have been recognised to have anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats or mice, adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats, etc. Oleanolic acid, in addition, was able to suppress the delayed hypersensitivity reaction in mice induced by dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). These effects are attributable to different mechanisms of action ranging from the inhibition of histamine release to inhibition of complement activity [1,58]. 

Table 14. Effect of Esculin (1) and Total Extract from F. omus Bark on Zymosan- and Carrageenan- Induced Paw edema in Mice...

The total ethanolic extract of the stem bark and its main constituent esculin (1) were found practically non-toxic. They inhibited the classical pathway and alternative pathway of complement activation. The total extract and 1 displayed antiinflammatory activity in both zymosan- and carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice. The extract exhibited a pronounced antioxidative activity and caused intense wound epithelization. The antimicrobial and photodynamic damage prevention properties of the extract and its fractions were dependable on their... 

Members of the akuammiline alkaloid family also hold promise for treatment of pain and inflammation. Scholarisin I (60) and scholarisin VI (65) were claimed as selective inhibitors of COX-2, while pseudoakuammigine (13) has been reported to have in vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity in rats observed via the carrageenan-induced paw edema and tail flick models respectively. " Picrinine (5) has also been su ested to have antiinflammatory and analgesic activity in mice based on results from various in vivo assays, while (Z)-alstoscholarine (29) was disclosed to be an inhibitor of nuclear factor-KB. ... 

Rose geranium (Geraniaceae) EO was evaluated for its anti-in ammatory activity using several in vivo tests. The EO showed signi cant reduction of carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice at concentrations of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg for 30%, 38%, and 73%, respectively. The effects were... 

The in vivo anti-inflammatory effect of phosphoms heterocycles was evaluated by applying an acute carrageenan-induced paw edema as standard method in rats. The anti-inflammatory effects of compounds were tested at 50 mg/kg and compared to the standard indomethacin. All compounds exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect, and four of them 195a—c and 196 induced edema reduction by 81.1%, 75.9%, 76.1%, and 87.6%, respectively, and higher than indomethacin (68.4%). These four promising compounds were also administered intraperitoneaUy in mice at doses of 500, 750, and 1000 mg/kg, and no acute toxicity nor mortality was observed 24 h post... 

A further study was carried out on the anti-inflammatory effect of the EO of Iranian black cumin seeds (BCS) (N. sativa L. Ranunculaceae) by Hajhashemi et al. (2004). p-Cymene (37.3%) and thymoquinone (13.7%) were found to be the main compounds. For the detection of the anti-inflammatory activity, carrageenan-induced paw edema test in rats was used and also the croton oil-induced ear edema in mice. After oral administration of this EO at various doses no significant anti-inflammatory effect could be observed in the carrageenan test, whereas i.p. injection of the same doses significantly reduced carrageenan-induced paw edema. At doses of 10 and 20 pL/ear, BCS-EO also caused a reduction of a CTOton oil-induced edema. An anti-inflanunatory effect could be observed after both systanic and local administration and thymoquinone seemed to play an important role in this pharmacological effect. 

DHPEA-EA and HT from OL and their acetylated derivatives in good yields and very mild conditions, we demonstrated that peracetylation of OL and its derivatives may improve their capacity to permeate the molecular membrane. HT, peracetylated HT, and 3,4-DHPEA-EA were the strongest inhibitors of COX-1 and COX-2 activity as demonstrated by in vitro test and confirmed in vivo using the carrageenan-induced paw edema [5, 136], In addition,... 

Calhoun W, J Chang, RP Carlson (1987) Effect of selected antiinflammatory agents and other drugs on zymosan arachidonic acid, PAF and carrageenan induced paw edema in the mouse. Agents Actions 21 (3-4) 306-309... 

Ethanolic extract has exhibited anti-inflammatory (vs. carrageenan-induced paw edema and cotton pellet granuloma in rats) and analgesic effects it also inhibited growth of Bacillus subtilis ... 

Anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic activities have been established in vitro and in the carrageenan-induced paw edema test, in arthritic rats and in dogs with inflammatory joint and spinal disease. The anti-inflammatory activity is apparently mediated through inhibition of TNF-a, IL-ip, NO, MAPK, and 5-LO, as well as P-selectin-mediated recruitment of inflammatory cells. Earlier clinical trials in India have been conducted on arthritis patients with positive results, and boswellic acid and other related pentacycUc triterpene acids are marketed as antiarthritic drugs in India. More recent trials have demonstrated the efficacy of olibanum prepara-... 

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