Carbon tetrachloride liquid temperature range

One incinerator that has been evaluated rather extensively and for which test results have been reported is the liquid chemical waste incinerator facility owned by the Metropolitan Sewer District (MSD) of Greater Cincinnati, Ohio (1 ). The MSD facility uses a rotary kiln and liquid injection cyclone furnace to incinerate a wide variety of liquid industrial chemical wastes. The total design heat release rate is 120 million kJ/h (114 million Btu/h). Tests conducted over a wide temperature range ( 900°C to 1300°C) for six Appendix VIII chemicals (carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorocyclo-pentadiene, and hexachloroethane) have shown DREs equal to or very near 99.99%. 

Disulfuryl fluoride is a clear colorless liquid with a boiling point of 51°. Its vapor pressure over the temperature range —28 to 43° follows the equation logioP(mm.) = 8.015— 1662/T. It has an inhalation toxicity of the same order as that of phosgene, and should be handled only in a well-ventilated area. Its thermal decomposition to sulfur trioxide and sulfuryl fluoride is not very appreciable below 200° but is rapid at 400-500°. In the presence of metal fluorides such as ceaum or sodium fluoride, however, its decomposition point is considerably low er. It hydrolyzes rather slowly to give fluorosulfuric acid. It is not very soluble in cold concentrated sulfuric acid or fluorosulfuric acid, but is soluble in acetonitrile, ethyl ether, carbon tetrachloride, monofluorotrichloromethane, and benzene. 

The dynamics of the molecular rotation of 2-pyridone in toluene, carbon tetrachloride, methanol, and water have been investigated at 305 K by 13C and 2H NMR spectroscopy. Both chemical shifts and relaxation times show that it forms stable hydrogen-bonded complexes in methanol and in water, reorienting as a complete unit and taking with it two solvent molecules. These solvated species are stable within the liquid-state temperature range, and reorient according to the hydrodynamic law as indicated by the 14N line width measurements (85MRC460). 

Acrylonitrile is miscible in a wide range of oiganic solvents, including acetone, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, ethylene cyanohydrin, petroleum ether, toluene, some kerosenes, and methanol. Compositions of some common azeotropes of acrylonitrile are given in Table 3. Table 4 presents the solubility of acrylonitrile in water as a function of temperature (6). Vapor—liquid equilibria for acrylonitrile in combination with acetonitrile, acrolein, HCN, and water have been published (6—9). Table 5 gives the vapor pressure of acrylonitrile over aqueous solutions. 

Gamma-butyralactane is a powerful solvent and undergoes many reactions that make it of considerable interest in synthesis. It is a colorless hygroscopic liquid aver a wide temperature range. It is soluble in acetone, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, ethyl ether, methanol, monochlorobenrene and water in all proportions. 

Chlorosulfonic acid is generally the favoured reagent for the sulfation of alcohols the reaction is rapid, complete, goes at low temperatures and yields a good quality product. With liquid alcohols, no solvent is necessary, but when using solid alcohols, the sulfation may be performed in suitable solvents, for instance, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride or tetrachloroethane, at temperatures usually in the range of —10 to 30 °C. The use of the appropriate solvent may reduce the formation of byproducts. 

---