Calf sera

Values of Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3) in normal and hypothyroid calf-sera (22). 

Cytoplasmic extract Nuclear extract Normal human sera Calf sera... 

Figure 10. Primary cultures of mouse kidney cells. Primary cultures of kidney epithelial cells derived from 10-day-old mice were grown either in hormonally defined medium with five supplements (5 pg/ml insulin, 5 pg/ml transferrin, 25 ng/ml PCE, 5 X10" M hydrocortisone, and 5 x 10" M Tj), or in medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum. After 10 days, primary cultures still were epithelial in morphology serum free (a) but were overgrown with fibroblasts with serum (b). (Taub et al., 1979 with permission.)...

Cultures. Swiss 3T3 and A431 cells were grown in a gassed (5.5% COJ, humidified incubator in Dulbecco s Modified Eagle Media (DME) supplemented with 10% heat inactivated fetal calf serum (FCS). 

To ensure that the inhibition of EGF binding by palytoxin was not a consequence of cell toxicity, the effect of palytoxin on DNA synthesis in Swiss 3T3 cells was monitored. When cells were incubated in the presence of palytoxin, 10% fetal calf serum, and H-thymidine for 19.5 hr, no depression in the extent of H-thymidine incorporation into DNA was detected up to 3.7 pM palytoxin (Table I). Although 11 pM palytoxin was toxic when present for a prolonged period, under the conditions of the assays described above no toxicity was detected (Table I). When cells were incubated in the presence of palytoxin, 0.1% fetal calf serum, and H-thymidine, palytoxin did not stimulate significant incorporation of H-thymidine into DNA. Thus, although it can modulate the EGF receptor system under these conditions, palytoxin alone does not appear to be mitogenic for Swiss 3T3 cells. 

Tumor cells. EMT6 cells were grown as a monolayer culture in DMEM medium containing 20% fetal calf serum (27). Cells were detached from the plate by trypsin-EDTA treatment and washed in PBS. A total of 5 x 103 cells were injected per mouse via the tail vein of Balb/c mice (6-8 weeks old) to induce experimental lung metastatic tumors. Immunoliposomes were injected iv 2 and 4 days after the tumor cell injection. The survival of mice was followed over the next 60 days. 

Despite the feasibility of using cultured RPE cells for studies similar to those performed using Caco-2 cells, the role of the RPE in carotenoid uptake and dynamic regulation has only just begun to be investigated. As carotenoids are carried in blood by lipoproteins, lipoprotein-rich serum seems to be the most appropriate vehicle for carotenoid delivery to cultured RPE cells. Indeed, recent studies comparing carotenoid delivery from fetal calf serum and from organic solvents showed that delivery in the presence of serum was superior to tetrahydrofuran (Shafaa et al., 2007). 

In vitro lymphocyte proliferation in media containing rat serum compared with foetal calf serum was lower in rats fed conventional wheat compared with organic wheat in protein-energy-malnourished rats. Conventional wheat represented higher risk for lymphocyte function than organic wheat in vulnerable conditions for the rat ... 

Method. Figure 3 shows the equipment used by us for loading a culture medium with radon and decay products. Air was circulated in a closed system, driven by a membran pump (MP). The system consisted of a Ra-226 solution (Ra), a security bubble flask with water (H20), a membran bacteria filter (MF) and a second bubble flask containing 100 ml RPMI 1640 culture medium (CM). This medium contains 100 IE/ml penicilin and streptomycin and 0.75% L-glutamin. Foetal calf serum, an essential part of blood cultures, must not be added, else the airstream would develop foam. Furthermore we added a small amount of Pb(N03)2 and Bi(N03)2, about 10 ng of each, as "carriers" for the radon decay products to avoid a "wall effect". 

Although plant cell culture is not as cost effective as plant cultivation in the open field, it will become an economical process if higher protein yields can be achieved [58]. The cultivation medium of plants is chemically defined, consisting of a carbon source, minerals, vitamins and phytohormones [69]. Furthermore, it is protein-free and relatively inexpensive. In contrast, animal cells often require complex supplements such as fetal calf serum and/or expensive growth factors, although serum-free cultivation is possible in case of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells [70]. 

A. Collagen substrate, 0% FCS (fetal calf serum) B. Spider silk-ELP substrate, 0% FCS C. No substrate, 0% FCS D No substrate, 10% FCS. In A and C, the cells have an elongated, fibroblastoid morphology, which characterizes dedifferentiation. The spider silk-elastin substrate (B) or the presence of 10% FCS in dishes without a substrate (D) produce a more favorable morphology. 

Antibiotics are required to prevent microbial growth consequent to accidental microbial contamination. Supplemental serum (often bovine or foetal calf serum, or synthetic serum... 

In addition to protein impurities emanating directly from the source material, other proteins may be introduced during upstream or downstream processing. For example, animal cell culture media are typically supplemented with bovine serum/foetal calf serum (2-25 per cent), or with a defined cocktail of various regulatory proteins required to maintain and stimulate growth of these cells. Downstream processing of intracellular microbial proteins often requires the addition of... 

An X-ray crystal structure of 28 bound in the thumb-region of the NS5B polymerase showed little interaction of the acetamide moiety with the protein. Alterations at this position were explored in order to improve the physical properties of the compound. Incorporation of basic amines as part of this side-chain, leading to zwitterionic compounds, reduces plasma binding and has a beneficial effect on cell activity and pharmacokinetic profiles. In the cell-based replicon assay, racemic 29 has an EC50 of 152 nM in the presence of 10% fetal calf serum and 376 nM in the presence of 50% normal human serum [71],... 

In rat blood and in the cell culture medium RPMI 1640 (+15% fetal calf serum) oxaliplatin (4) forms the major biotransformation products [Pt(dach)Cl2], [Pt(dach)(H20)Cl]+ (only in plasma ultrafiltrate), and [Pt(dach)(methionine)]+ (91). 

Culture supernatants with 10% FCS Monoclonal 1 mg/ml 0.01 0.05 mg/ml Background from calf serum >95%, no cross reaction, high quality... 

Figure 7.1. Effect of GM-CSF on neutrophil protein biosynthesis. Human neutrophils were incubated in RPMI1640 medium supplemented with 2.5% foetal calf serum and 60 jtCi/ml [35S]-methionine, in the presence and absence of 50 U/ml GM-CSF. After 4 h incubation at 37 °C, the cells were pelleted by low-speed centrifugation. The proteins in the cell pellets were precipitated by 10% trichloracetic acid and then analysed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, using iso-electrofocussing in the first dimension. Electrophoresis in the second dimension was performed in the presence of SDS and used a 12% acrylamide gel. Source Experiment of Becky Stringer.

Cell lines U937 (human lymphoblastoid cells) and T-98G (human astrocytoma) were obtained from the collection of cell lines at the Influenza Research Institute. T-98G cells were grown on a DMEM medium with the addition of 10% calf serum, and U937 cells onRPMI1640 (Biolot, St. Petersburg) with 10% calf serum. 

Calf serum was added to the medium for cell culture to 10% concentration. T98G or U937 cells were seeded onto 25 cm2 flasks for cell culture (Nunc, Denmark). Cells were cultivated for 72 h without serum, with 10% of intact serum or 10% serum after 6 h of photodynamic treatment. After the incubation period cells were harvested with chymotrypsine and their number was calculated in a hemocy-tometer chamber. 

Sample preparation. All allantoic fluid of chicken embryos or calf serum used in experiments contained influenza virus (104—106 EID50/ml). The samples of biological fluids underwent photodynamic treatment as described above. One milliliter aliquots were taken before treatment and at 3 and 6 h after the start of experiment. To analyze the effect of photodynamic treatment on proteins we used alkaline denaturing electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and P-mercaptoethanol (P-ME). 

Table 5.1 Growth properties of calf serum under photodynamic influence...

IL-6 induction in human peripheral whole-blood cell culture [10,11] and determination of its level using ELISA and Limulus activity measured by means of Endospecy Test (Seikagaku Co., Tokyo, Japan) were performed as described [8]. lL-6 induction in THP-1 cells was performed as reported [12]. In brief, sample solution (25 p.L) and 100 p.L of THP-1 cells (1.0 X 10 cells/mL, preincubation with 50 ng/mL vitamin D3 at 37°C in CO2 for 72 h) were incubated in RPMl-1640 medium with or without 2% fetal calf serum... 

Figure 5 IL-6-inducing activity of HGLs in THP-1 cells in the absence (a) and presence of fetal calf serum (FCS) (b). The data present one of several independent experiments with similar results. The IL-6 induetion by unstimulated eells was less than 50 pg/mL. Eaeh bar represents the means SD.

Wash medium RPMI-1640, 2% fetal calf serum. 

Neeser and Schweizer introduced 4 M CF3CO2H for 1 h at 121° for hydrolysis of glycoproteins. Both neutral and amino sugars were considered. They compared this method to hydrolysis with 0.6 M hydrochloric acid for 4 h at 100° and 3 M hydrochloric acid for 0.75 h at 125°. Hydrolysis of fetal-calf-serum fetuin, bovine submaxillary mucin, and horse-radish peroxidase showed hydrolysis with CF3CO2H to be superior. 

Post-HIER immunostaining buffer 0.05 M Tris-buffered saline (TBS, pH 7.6) containing 1-2% fetal calf serum (FCS) or normal goat serum. 

The use of competitor proteins is important in these procedures to minimize nonspecific labeling owing to sticking of protein. Bovine serum albumin is a convenient, purified, inexpensive protein available for this purpose, but other proteins, such as normal globulin of the same species as the second step, or normal calf serum or plasma, are also useful for this purpose. 

Prepare competitor protein buffer detergent solution 4 mg/mL normal goat globulin or other competitor protein, (such as fetal calf serum, bovine serum albumin, bovine plasma, and so forth), and 0.1% saponin (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) in phosphate-buffered saline (NGG-sap-PBS). 

Colchicine stock solution 10 pg/mL in complete nutrient medium (e.g., EMEM with 5% calf serum Sigma, St. Louis, MO). 

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