Substrate collagenous

Class Zymogen kDa Current name (alph. order) Abbrev. Substrates Collagens Others Inhibitors... 

The other example presented of a non-scrambled distribution of isotopes involves the synthesis of collagen. For a mature animal at steady state, we might expect extensive atomic scrambling in the sense that most of the non-essential amino acid content of this protein (78% of its carbon atoms) can be synthesized from the general pool of glycogenic substrates that arise from metabolism of all sugars and fats, although the pathway from fats is restricted... 

A number of iron-containing, ascorbate-requiring hydroxylases share a common reaction mechanism in which hydroxylation of the substrate is linked to decarboxylation of a-ketoglutarate (Figure 28-11). Many of these enzymes are involved in the modification of precursor proteins. Proline and lysine hydroxylases are required for the postsynthetic modification of procollagen to collagen, and prohne hydroxylase is also required in formation of osteocalcin and the Clq component of complement. Aspartate P-hydroxylase is required for the postsynthetic modification of the precursor of protein C, the vitamin K-dependent protease which hydrolyzes activated factor V in the blood clotting cascade. TrimethyUysine and y-butyrobetaine hydroxylases are required for the synthesis of carnitine. 

The mechanical properties of the substrate were found to have a significant influence on neurite behavior. Neurons grown on softer substrates formed more than three times as many branches as those grown on stiffer gels (Flanagan et al., 2002). PHEMA hydrogels, coated with collagen and... 

A. Collagen substrate, 0% FCS (fetal calf serum) B. Spider silk-ELP substrate, 0% FCS C. No substrate, 0% FCS D No substrate, 10% FCS. In A and C, the cells have an elongated, fibroblastoid morphology, which characterizes dedifferentiation. The spider silk-elastin substrate (B) or the presence of 10% FCS in dishes without a substrate (D) produce a more favorable morphology. 

PVA/collagen substrate has been succesfull used also for osteoblasts grow [1]. 

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