Membrane pumps

Equipment and Economics A veiy large electrodialysis plant would produce 500 /s of desalted water. A rather typical plant was built in 1993 to process 4700 mVday (54.4 /s). Capital costs for this plant, running on low-salinity brackish feed were 1,210,000 for all the process equipment, including pumps, membranes, instrumentation, and so on. Building and site preparation cost an additional 600,000. The building footprint is 300 itt. For plants above a threshold level of about 40 m Vday, process-equipment costs usually scale at around the 0.7 power, not too different from other process eqiiip-ment. On this basis, process equipment (excluding the ouilding) for a 2000 mVday plant would have a 1993 predicted cost of 665,000. 

B Bottle IM In situ pump/membrane filter (53, 70 p,m) 1C In situ pump/cartridge filter (0.5,1 am) ST sediment trap 5°S-5°Nand25°W-5°E... 

Van Lintel et al.15 designed a volumetric pump with a pumping membrane that compresses the pumping chamber, and a pair of inlet and outlet check valves that direct the liquid flow. The pump can be operated by a remote control device to provide precise dosing. It has improved safety, resolution, programmability, and autonomy, which make it ideal in peptide delivery. 

Micropumps have been designed using polymers such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as the base material. The basic design of this pump consists of six layers. The first is made of a PMMA plate that has an opening at the center for fixing a peizodisk, which, in turn, works as both the actuator and the pump membrane. The peizodisk and a second PMMA plate act as the pump chamber. The second PMMA plate has two... 

The demonstrator analyzing system contains two thermo-pneumatic actuated micropumps (see Fig. 7). The micropumps are of the reciprocating type and consist of three main building blocks a thermo pneumatic actuator (A), a pump chamber with a flexible pump membrane which acts as a capacitor (C) and two passive circular silicon check valves (V), see Fig. 21. 

Fig. 21. Cross sections of the glass-silicon-glass structures for the pump actuator, the pump membrane and the valves. Right from the figures, the so-called Ideal Physical Models (IPM s) of the pump membrane and the valve are given...

The pump membrane acts as a capacitor (see Fig. 21, C) which stores a volume, related to a pressure drop. In first approximation the volume change under the membrane is linear with the center displacement [42]. The membrane capacitance, however, shows a strong non-linear behavior for center displacements in the range of large deflections. 

Respiratory Chain (Complex I, II, III, and IV, Ubiquinone, Cytochrome c, Proton Pump, Membrane Potential, Proton Motive Force)... 

Acute effects on neuronal membrane Voltage- or ligand-gated ionic channels Membrane pumps Membrane composition Neuromodulation... 

Capital costs for an electrodialysis stack include the stack housing, pumps, membranes, and electric rectifiers. The cost of an electrodialysis plant is strongly dependent on the total membrane area (denoted as A) needed to produce a given concentration change. The required membrane area, in turn, is directly proportional to the solution flow rate and specified concentration change and is inversely proportional to the applied current density and current utilization [132, 156] ... 

Diaphragm pump Flexible member pump Membrane pump Valveless pumps... 

Mechanical devices are important and these include intra-aortic balloon pump and the development of the total artificial heart as exemplified by the Jarvik Mark 7. The artificial heart is placed inside the thorax, sutured to the recipient atria, pulmonary artery and aorta. It is completely mechanical with inlet and outlet valves, a smooth non-thrombogenic inner surface, elastic pumping balloons and an external power source. Difficulties include prolonged valve function, an appropriate non-clottable endocardial lining, a durable elastic pumping membrane, a reliable power source, a portable external power supply and infection of the machine-man interface. 

Both capital and operating costs are taken into account. The former includes the costs of the equipment (tank, pumps, membranes) while the latter include the electricity consumption in the pumps and the cleaning costs. Is assumed that ... 

Jun, I.K., and H. Hess. 2010. A hiomimetic, seU-pumping membrane. Advanced Materials (in press). 

Pump membrane-filtered (0.22 /t) distilled water through the apparatus with the window opening set at maximum sensitivity (i.e. X30). Zero the fluorometer with the zero adjustment on the instrument. The recorder should be zeroed separately and then attached to the fluorometer. 

Reciprocating positive displacement machines exist in versions such as piston pumps, membrane pumps, piston compressors, and membrane compressors. These machines achieve the highest pressures and the pumps are additionally able to reach a high conveying precision. The main reason for these features is the leakproof discharge chambers (operating areas of the positive displacement machines). 

---