Lymphoma Burkitt

Klein (K2) reported IgM absorbed to the surface of fresh Burkitt s lymphoma cells, and it is possible that the low serum IgM values may result from absorption to malignant cells. Zeigler et al. (Zl) postulated that IgM metabolism may be inhibited by active production of IgG in vitro by the Burkitt lymphoma cells (04), and furthermore, that the IgM defect may be either acquired or inherited or an expression of delayed maturity of immunoglobulin metabolism which contributes to the susceptibility of the individual to the oncogenic agent (N3). 

Epididymal. Pertaining to the epididymis the elongated cord-like structure along the posterior border of the testis, whose elongated coiled duct provides for the storage, transit, and maturation of spermatozoa, and is continuous with the ductus deferens. Epstein-Barr virus. A herpes-like virus found in cell cultures of Burkitt lymphoma also, antibodies reactive with Epstein-Barr... 

Kumar, A., and I. Atlad, Interferon-a induces the expression of retinoblastoma gene product in human burkitt lymphoma Daudi cells role in growth regulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1992. 89 6659-6603. 

Fig. I. Two-dimensional light scatter assay. Burkitt lymphoma cells induced into apoptosis by incubation with a MAb against IgM were assayed for forward light scatter (FSC) and 90° light scatter (SSC). Region 1, viable cells Region 2, apoptotic cells.

Fig. 2. Subdiploid DNA peak assay. Burkitt lymphoma cells were analyzed for cell cycle 24 h after irradiation with 4 Gy. Control cells (A) show a cycling population with the Gl. S, and G2M phases clearly visible. Irradiated cells (B) have an additional peak with decreased fluorescence (the subdiploid peak [SD]) representing apoptotic cells.

Another important limitation to be aware of is that the induction of apoptosis in a population of cells will not always result in a clearly distinct subdiploid peak (12), We have seen this particularly when apoptosis is induced in Burkitt lymphoma cells by serum deprivation. After approx 2 wk, all cells are apoptotic as can be clearly seen by the two-dimensional light scatter assay and confirmed by microscopic analysis of acridine orange-stained cells, but the cell-cycle profile gives the appearance of a mainly viable population (Fig. 5). 

Fig. 5. Comparison of two-dimensional light scatter assay with subdiploid DNA peak assay. Burkitt lymphoma cells were serum-deprived for 14 d and then assayed for (A) forward light scatter (FSC) versus 90° light scatter (SSC) or (B) cell cycle. Note that although all the cells are clearly apoptotic as shown by the light scatter assay, there is only a small subdiploid peak (SD) present in the cell-cycle analysis, demonstrating that in this case, celt-cycle analysis alone would grossly underestimate the extent of apoptosis present in the cell population.

N7. Neri, A., Barriga, F., Knowles, D. M., Magrath, I. T., and Dalla-Favera, R., Different regions of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus are involved in chromosomal translocations in distinct pathogenetic forms of Burkitt lymphoma. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85, 2748-2752 (1988). 

E-C Muller, M Schumann, A Rickers, K Bommert, B Wittmann-Liebold, A Otto. Study of Burkitt lymphoma cell line proteins by high resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 20 320-330, 1999. 

Gross, R.L. et al., In vitro immunological studies on East African cancer patients. II. Increased sensitivity of blood lymphocytes from untreated Burkitt lymphoma patients to inhibition of spontaneous rosette formation, Int. J. Cancer, 15, 132, 1975. 

Some experimental information consistent with our hypothesis exists. V. Vonka and co-workers at the Institute of Sera and Vaccines in Prague, were able to induce up to 300% increase in the number of Epstein Barr virus (an oncogenic Herpes type virus) positive cells in a culture of Burkitt lymphoma cells (EB 3) by treatment with d,y-dichlorodi am mi ncpl ati num( 11). The induction of the new, virus-associated antigens was monitored both by an indirect immunofluorescence test for the coat proteins of the virus appearing at the cell surface, and by the visualization of virus-like particles in the treated cells by electron microscopy. 

Antibiotic inhibitors of transcription Section 28,1.9 Burkitt lymphoma and B-cell leukemia Section 28,2.6... 

Ichiki, T., Takahashi, W. and Watanabe, T. (1992). The effect of cytokines and mitogens on the induction of C epsilon germline transcripts in a human Burkitt lymphoma B cell line. Int. Immunol. 4, 747—754. 

Considering chromosome staining (Chapter 4.2.2), additional fluorescence bands or a disappearance of bands have been observed in connection with special diseases, e.g. with the cancer disease Burkitt lymphoma (probably caused by a virus). To elucidate such phenomena a selected laser excitation of special chromosome parts seems promising. 

ALL, acute lymphocytic leukemia BL, Burkitt lymphoma B-CLL, B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia B-LBL, B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma cHL, classic Hodgkin s lymphoma DLBCL, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma FL, follicular lymphoma LPHL, lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin s lymphoma MCL, mantle cell lymphoma MZL, marginal zone B-cell lymphoma. 

BL, Burkitt lymphoma BLL, Burkitt-like lymphoma cHL, classical Hodgkin lymphoma IL, immunoblastic lymphoma LBL-B, lymphoblastic lymphoma precursor B-cell LBL-T, lymphoblastic lymphoma precursor T-cell LPL, lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma MM, multiple myeloma N, almost always negative PCLBL, primary cutaneous large B-cell lymphoma PEL, primary effusion lymphoma pHL, lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin lymphoma P-PTLD, polymorphic posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders P-TCL, peripheral T-cell lymphoma PTLD, posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders. 

In B-cell lymphomas, Oct-1 usually displays a weaker signal and highlights a fewer number of cells when it is compared with Oct-2 immunoreactivity. The highest expression levels for Oct-2, Oct-1, and BOB.l/OBF.l are reported from independent studies in FCLs, DLB-CLs, and Burkitt lymphomas,whereas B-CLL, MALT-type, and MCLs score negative or display an heterogeneous/weaker reactivity. ... 

Also known as the common ALL antigen, CDIO is a zinc metallopeptidase expressed in early lymphoid progenitors and normal germinal center cells. It is almost always present on the surface of precursor B lymphoblastic and Burkitt lymphomas, and much less frequently precursor T lymphoblastic leukemia/lym-phoma. Many FLs and some diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, along with multiple myeloma, are positive. CDIO and BCL-6 are commonly considered markers of germinal center origin (Fig. 6.10). 

Ki-67 antibodies recognize a nuclear protein involved in the proliferative portion of the cell cycle. They can be used as a measure of the growth fraction by dividing the number of positive cells by all cells present. This index roughly correlates with tumor grade and is important in the differential diagnosis of some tumors (e.g., Burkitt lymphoma). Correlations between Ki-67 index... 

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