Retinoblastoma gene

Many intracellular targets of sphingosine that may contribute to its apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects have been identified (Figure 2). These include proteins of the bcl-2 family, the retinoblastoma gene product, several enzymes and its ability to interact with DNA (reviewed by Alessenko, 2000). For example, sphingosine-induced apoptosis of HL60 cells correlated with reduced expression of the cell survival protein bcl-2... 

Pushkareva, M., Chao, R., Bielawska, A., Merrill Jr, A.H., Crane, H.M., Lagu, B., liotta, D. and Hannun, Y.A., 1995, Stereoselectivity of induction of the retinoblastoma gene product (pRb) dephosphorylation by D-erythro-sphingosine supports a role for pRb in growth suppression by sphingosine, Biochem. 34 1885-1892. 

Answer C. Because multiple family members are affected and because mutations at the retinoblastoma gene are known to be sometimes nonpenetrant, the man in question is most likely an obligate carrier of the mutation who did not experience a second mutation in this gene during his fetal development. 

Zevallos, E., Anderson, V., Novakoski, M., Bard, E., and Gu, J. (1994) Detection of human retinoblastoma gene expression by rTth-driven reverse transcribed in situ PCR. Cell Vision 1, 88. 

Hanobik, M.G., Huber, H.E. and Oliff, A. (1991) Cloning of cDNAs for cellular proteins that bind to the retinoblastoma gene product. Nature, 352, 251-254. 

The product of the retinoblastoma gene, the retinoblastoma protein pRb, functions as a switch for conversion of mitogenic and antimitogenic signals at the transcription... 

Kumar, A., and I. Atlad, Interferon-a induces the expression of retinoblastoma gene product in human burkitt lymphoma Daudi cells role in growth regulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1992. 89 6659-6603. 

Weinberg, R. A., The retinoblastoma gene and cell growth control. Trends Biochem. Sci. 15 199-202, 1990. 

Cells have been stained successfully for nuclear proteins related to proliferation (for example, PCNA, Ki-67, and various cyclins, which will be discussed in the chapter on DNA) and to tumor suppression (for example, p53, c-myc, and the retinoblastoma gene product). They have also been stained for proteins bound to interior membrane surfaces (e.g., Bcl-2, multidrug resistance protein [MDR], and P-gly-coprotein), and many strictly cytosolic proteins have been analyzed (like tubulin, hemoglobin, surface proteins that exist intracellularly at various stages of differentiation, and many cytokines). 

Gamovskaya MN, Mukhin Y V, Vlasova TM, et al. Mitogen-induced rapid phosphorylation of serine 795 of the retinoblastoma gene product in vascular smooth muscle cells involves ERK activation. J Biol Chem 2004 279 24,899-24,905. 

Ozaki, T., Saijo, M., Murakami, K., Enomoto, H., Taya, Y. and Sakiyama, S. (1994) Complex formation between lamin A and the retinoblastoma gene product identification of the domain on lamin A required... 

Rotchell, J.M., J. Shim, J.B. Blair, W.E. Hawkins and G.K. Ostrander. Cloning of the retinoblastoma cDNA from the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) and preliminary evidence of mutational alterations in chemically-induced retinoblastomas. Gene 263 231—237, 2001. 

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