Mass spectrometry nanoelectrospray

Very low flow electrospray is called nanoelectrospray [26] where the samples are infused into the mass spectrometer at the nanoliter flow rate range. The infusion of a few microliters will result in a stable signal for more then 30 min, using pulled capillaries or chip-based emitters [27]. With infusion, signal averaging allows to improve the limit of detection in tandem mass spectrometry. Nanoelectrospray is particularly important in combination with nanoflow liquid chromatography or chip-based infusion for the analysis of peptides and proteins. 

Hayasaka, Y. and Asenstorfer, R.E., Screening for potential pigments derived from anthocyanins in red wine using nanoelectrospray tandem mass spectrometry, J. Agric. Food Chem., 50, 756, 2002. 

Crude chloroform-methanol-water (30 60 8, v/v) extracts of immunostainedTLC bands were analyzed without further purification by nanoelectrospray low-energy mass spectrometry. The authors showed that this effective PLC/MS-joined procedure offers a wide range of applications for any carbohydrate-binding agents such as bacterial toxins, plant lectins, and others. Phenyl-boronic acid (PBA) immobilized on stationary support phases can be put to similar applications. This technology, named boronate affinity chromatography (BAC), consists of a chemical reaction of 1,2- and 1,3-diols with the bonded-phase PBA to form a stable... 

Bateman, K.R, White, R.L., Yaguchi, M., and Thibault, R, Characterization of protein glycoforms by capillary-zone electrophoresis-nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry, /. Chromatogr. A, 794, 327, 1998. 

Neubauer, G., and Mann, M. (1999). Mapping of phosphorylation sites of gel-isolated proteins by nanoelectrospray tandem mass spectrometry potentials and hmitations. Anal. Chem. 71, 235-242. 

Wilm, M., Shevchenko, A., Houthaeve, T., Breit, S., Schweigerer, L., Fotsis, T., and Mann, M. (1996). Femtomole sequencing of proteins from polyacrylamide gels by nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry. Nature 379, 466-469. 

Shen, Y., Zhao, R., Berger, S.J., Anderson, G.A., Rodriguez, N., Smith, R.D. (2002). High-efficiency nanoscale liquid chromatography coupled on-line with mass spectrometry using nanoelectrospray ionization for proteomics. Anal. Chem. 74, 4235 1249. 

Y. Ma, Y. Lu, H. Zeng, D. Ron, W. Mo, T. A. Neubert, Characterization of phosphopeptides from protein digests using matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectra metry and nanoelectrospray quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 15, 1693 1700 (2001). 

Griffiths WJ, Liu S, Yang Y, Purdy RH, Sjovall J. 1999. Nanoelectrospray tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of neurosteroid sulphates. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 13 1595. 

Chatman K, Hollenbeck T, Hagey L, Vallee M, Purdy RH, et al. 1999. Nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry and precursor ion monitoring for quantitative steroid analysis and attomole sensitivity. Anal Chem 71 2358-2363. 

Bateman, K. P., White, R. L., and Thibault, P. (1997). Disposable emitters for online capillary zone electrophoresls/nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 11, 307-315. 

Gucek, M., Vreeken, R. J., and Verheij, E. R. (1999). Coupling of capillary zone electrophoresis to mass spectrometry (MS and MS/MS) via a nanoelectrospray Interface for the characterization of some P-agonists. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 13, 612—619. 

Kele, Z., Eerenc, G., Klement, E., Toth, G. K., and Janaky, T. (2005). Design and performance of a sheathless capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry Interface by combining fused-slllca capillaries with gold-coated nanoelectrospray tips. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 19, 881 — 885. 

LI, J., Kelly, J. F, Chernushevich, L, Harrison, D. J., and Thibault, P. (2000). Separation and identification of peptides from gel-isolated membrane proteins using a microfabricated device for combined capillary electrophoresls/nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 11., 599-609. 

Griss, P., Melin, J., Sjoedahl, J., Roeraade, J., and Stemme, G. (2002). Development of micromachined hollow tips for protein analysis based on nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry./. Micromech. Microeng. 12, 682-687. 

Arscott, S., Le Gac, S., and Rolando, C. (2005). A polysilicon nanoelectrospray-mass spectrometry source based on a microfluldlc capillary slot. Sens. Actuators B Chem. B106, 741—749. 

Zhang, S. Van Pelt, C. K. Chip-based nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry for protein characterization. Exp. Rev. Proteom. 2004, 1, 449-468. 

J. C. Ackerman, G. S. Sheldon A microchip-based multi-nozzle nanoelectrospray device, in Proceedings of the 50th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics,... 

J. Roeraade Automated nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry for protein—ligand screening by noncovalent interaction applied to human H-EABP and A-EABP,... 

S. Zhang, C. K. Van Pelt, D. B. Wdson Quantitative determination of noncovalent binding interactions using automated nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 2003, 75, 3010-3018. 

Zampronio, C.G. Giannakopulos, A.E. Zeller, M. Bitziou, E. Macpherson, J.V. Derrick, P.J. Production and properties of nanoelectrospray emitters used in fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry implications for determination of association constants for noncovalent complexes. Anal. Chem. 2004, 76, 5172-5179. 

Yuan YZ, Liu X, Boyd JM, Qin F, Li J, Li XF (2009) Identiflcation of N-nitrosamines in treated drinking water using nanoelectrospray ionization high-fleld asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr Sci 47(l) 92-96... 

Benkestock, K. Sundqvist, G. Edlund, P. O. Roeraade, J. Influence of droplet size, capillary-cone distance and selected instrumental parameters for the analysis of noncovalent protein-ligand complexes by nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J. Mass Spectrom. 2004, 39,1059-1067. 

Yau, P.M. and Burlingame, A.L. (2002) Identification of acetylation and methylation sites of histone H3 from chicken erythrocytes by high-accuracy matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-postsource decay, and nanoelectrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Analytical Biochemistry, 306, 259-269. 

Erve, J. C. L., DeMaio, W., and Talaat, R. E. (2008). Rapid metabolite identification with sub parts-per million mass accuracy from biological matrices by direct infusion nanoelectrospray ionization after clean-up on a ZipTip and LTQ/Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Rapid... 

Zhao, W., Zhang, H., Zhu, M., Warrack, B., Ma, L., Humphreys, W. G., and Sanders, M. (2006). An integrated method for quantification and identification of radiolabeled metabolites Application of chip-based nanoelectrospray and mass defect filter techniques. In Proceedings of the 54th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, Seattle, WA. 

Ackermann, B. L., and Dethy, J. M. (2005). Understanding the role and potential of infusion nanoelectrospray ionization for pharmaceutical hioanalysis. In Using Mass Spectrometry for Drug Metabolism Studies (Korfmacher, W. A., Ed.). CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 329-356. 

Dethy, J. M., Ackermann, B. L., Delatour, C., Henion, J. D., and Schultz, G. A. (2003a). Demonstration of direct bioanalysis of drugs in plasma using nanoelectrospray infusion from a silicon chip coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 75 805-811. 

Kapron, J. T., Pace, E., Van Pelt, C. K., and Henion, J. (2003). Quantitation of midazolam in human plasma by automated chip-based infusion nanoelectrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Common. Mass Spectrom. 17 2019-2026. 

L. Bindila, R. Almeida, A. Sterling, M. Allen, J. Peter-Katalinic, and A. Zamfir, Off-line capillary electrophoresis/fully automated nanoelectrospray chip quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry for glycoconjugate analysis, J. Mass Spectrom., 39 (2004) 1190-1201. 

K. Alving, H. Paulsen, and J. Peter-Katalinic, Characterization of O-glycosylation sites in MUC2 glycopeptides by nanoelectrospray QTOF mass spectrometry, J. Mass Spectrom., 34 (1999) 395-407. 

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