Brown list

In the 1990s, ECVAM held a forum to vet and evaluate new alternative assays, and developed a list of compounds for testing (24). The key driver for this activity was the fact that DART studies require large numbers of animals. The primary focus of this activity was embryo-fetal toxicity. The list generated from this forum was tested in three assays (later validated by ECVAM) (1) the micromass assay, (2) the rat WEC assay, and (3) the embryonic stem cell test (25). Compounds on the Brown list were classified as either strong, weak, or non-teratogens. The three assays successfully predicted the compound classification about 80% of the time. However, the embryonic stem cell test later performed poorly on a different group of chemicals with known in vivo activities (26). 

Some sites are easy to elassify due to their inehision on the National Priorities List (NPL), state superfund, or other regulatory list. In other eases, debate ean and does arise to determine if a site should be treated as hazardous. Eor example, some sites eommonly referred to as brown fields have eontamination levels that are eonsidered low. Sometimes levels of eontamination are so low that exposure levels to workers do not reaeh aetion levels or permissible exposure levels (PEL). Some firms have ehosen to treat low-level eontaminated sites as if they fell under HAZWOPER requirements. This is a somewhat eonservative approaeh whieh provides a eomfort faetor for management and potentially responsible parties (PRP) or other entities. 

Detection and result The chromatograms had to be freed from mobile phase before they were immersed otherwise a blue background was produced. After it had been dipped the chromatogram was dried in a stream of cold air. Zones appearing on an initially pale background were first brown and then turned blue. The background, however, darkened so much that after 5 min it was scarcely possible to discern the zones. Table 1 lists some hRf values. 

Dehydrocorydaline, C22H2304lSk (Items 8,14, 31 list, pp. 170-2.) This alkaloid is formed by the gentle oxidation of corydaline.It is a yellowish crystalline powder, m.p. 112-3° (dec.) the hydrochloride, B. HCl. 4H2O, forms yellow leaflets hydriodide, B. HI. 2H2O, small yellow needles aurichloride, B. HAUCI4, red-brown needles, m.p. 219°. Like berberine,... 

Dehydrothalictrifoline (item 29 list, p. 172) was isolated as the quaternary chloride, chocolate-brown, stout prisms, m.p. 271°, which was reduced by zinc in boiling dilute hydrochloric acid to dZ-thalictrifoline, m.p. 151°, identical with that described above. " ... 

We take the view of McDaniel and Brown that the Hammett substituent constants should be defined by Eq. (7-22). Table 7-1 lists many of these constants based on the ionization of meta- and para-substituted benzoic acids. 

Wolf s unveiled a new menu last week (the items from the old dog-eared brown one reprinted on coffee-shop gloss stock), but now alongside the smoked fish platters and latkes is a cocktail list that includes house specialties like Wolf s Royal Cream Soda. That s Dr. Brown s Cream Soda, a deli staple, with Absolut vodka in it. 

Stereochemistry of chromium complexes a bibliographic listing. I. D. Brown, Coord. Chem. Rev.,... 

This work was supported by the Marsden Fund managed by the Royal Society of New Zealand. Our thanks go to Detlev Figgen, Behnam Assadollahzadeh, Reuben Brown, Jon K. Laerdahl and Pekka Pyykko for helpful discussions and suggestions, and to Wojciech Grochala for letting us know in advance of the solid state results for gold fluoride. We do not claim that our review is comprehensive, and we apologize from possible omissions of any related and important work. A more complete list of references can be found in Pyykko s work [43-45]. 

Much of the early work with certified reference materials was linked to the derivation of reference methods and there was a period in which primary or definitive (i.e. very accurate but usually very complex) and secondary (or usable) methods were reported e.g. steroid hormones (Siekmann 1979), creatinine (Siekmann 1985), urea (Welch et al. 1984) and nickel (Brown et al. 1981). Although there are some application areas, such as checking the concentrations of preparations listed in a pharmacopoeia, where a prescribed, defined method has to be used, in practice such work is limited. However, this approach to chemical analysis is no longer widely used and will not be further discussed. The emphasis now is placed on using RMs to demonstrate that a method in use meets analytical criteria or targets deemed to be appropriate for the application and to develop figures of merit (Delves 1984). 

We would like to acknowledge the commitment and dedication of the 161 contributing authors and 145 reviewers of the chapters contained in this text (a list of contributors and a list of reviewers are included in the frontmatter of this book). We also extend our thanks to the McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division, especially Michael Brown, Maya Barahona, and Robert Pancotti, for their dedication to this project. Finally, we thank our... 

Chemical Physics Preprint Database. This database [81] is a fully automated electronic archive and distribution server intended to provide a means for rapid and efficient preprint distribution within the international theoretical chemical physics community. A preprint is a copy of a paper that has been submitted for publication. This database has been designed to be a useful and freely available tool for education and research. It allows investigators to submit and retrieve electronic copies of preprints via the Internet. Access for retrieval and listing of papers in the database is possible through WWW servers, anonymous ftp, or e-mail. Currently research papers are submitted to the databases via e-mail. This project is a joint effort by the Department of Chemistry at Brown University and the Theoretical Chemistry and Molecular Physics Group at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. The homepage of Chemical Physics Preprint Database is http // www.chem.brown.edu/chem-ph.html. (For a more... 

Primary clay is also known as residual clay, indicating that they are either the in situ residue of one type of weathered rock or the transported residue of many types of rocks most primary clay deposits occur, however, in situ, at the location where the clay particles were formed. The clay is usually quite pure and colorless or white, but very small relative amounts of minerals mixed with the clay, such as quartz and/or iron oxides, may impart to it a yellow, brown, or green color. Primary clay is also characterized by the extreme fineness of its particles, which usually measure below 2 micrometers (0.002 mm) in diameter. The more than 20 different types of primary clay minerals can be distinguished by their chemical composition, which varies widely, and by their physical properties. Primary clays that have been used for making ceramic objects are listed in Table 55. 

Some heavy metal-tolerant bacterial strains and their sorption capacities for Cu and Cd are listed in Table 1. These bacteria show great potential for remediating soils that are contaminated with toxic metals. Our pot culture experiments showed that the growth of tobacco plants in a Cd-polluted Yellow Brown Soil (Alfisol) was significantly promoted by inoculating the soil with P. Putida in comparison with the non-inoculated soil (Fig. 2). 

Information published from several sources about 1970 presented details on both the halide-containing RhCl(CO)(PPh3)2- and the hydride-containing HRh(CO)(PPh3)3-catalyzed reactions. Brown and Wilkinson (25) reported the relative rates of gas uptake for a number of different olefinic substrates, including both a- and internal olefins. These relative rates are listed in Table XV. 1-Alkenes and nonconjugated dienes such as 1,5-hexadiene reacted rapidly, whereas internal olefins such as 2-pentene or 2-heptene reacted more slowly by a factor of about 25. It should also be noted that substitution on the 2 carbon of 1-alkene (2-methyl-l-pentene) drastically lowered the rate of reaction. Steric considerations are very important in phosphine-modified rhodium catalysis. 

Proposed mercury criteria for the protection of sensitive aquatic organisms, birds, and mammals, as well as human health, are shown in Table 5.11. In almost every instance, these criteria are listed as concentrations of total mercury, with most, if not all, the mercury present as an organomercury species. In some cases the recommended criteria are routinely exceeded, as is the case for brown bears (Ursus arctos) in the Slovak Republic (Zilincar et al. 1992), and in Italian seafood products recommended for human consumption (Barghigiani and De Ranieri 1992). 

Good overall fastness and considerable tinctorial strength broaden the scope of P.Y.83 application. The list includes office articles, artists colors, and solvent-based wood stains, in which the pigment is frequently combined with red pigments and carbon black to produce shades of brown. 

P.R.146 is a suitable candidate for a variety of special applications. The list includes wood stains, in which it is frequently blended with yellow pigments, especially with P.Y.83, and also with black to afford shades of brown. The products are fast to overcoating and stable to nitro and acid catalyzed and polyester varnishes. Intense shades match step 5 on the Blue Scale for lightfastness. Other areas of application include office articles and artists colors, cleaning agents, paper mass coloration, laundry markers, etc. In connection with cosmetics, the pigment frequently lends color to soaps. 

P.O.38 is broad in scope. The list of applications includes special media, such as wax crayons, artists colors, and wood stains, including those that are solvent based. The products are very lightfast (step 7 on the Blue Scale) and fast to overcoating. Blends of P.O.38 with yellow pigments, such as P.Y.83 or P.Y.120, or with carbon black produce useful shades of brown. 

Several metal lakes have been prepared from this parent structure of all (3-oxy-naphthoic acid pigments. The list includes the barium salt (P.R.64), the calcium salt (P.R.64 1), and the copper lake, which is registered as Pigment Brown 5. The pigments are rarely used in Europe, and their impact on the market in Japan and the USA has also decreased considerably. 

This pigment is no longer listed as sales product. It affords a reddish, somewhat dull orange shade. It was recommended particularly for brown shades. 

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