Tobacco plants

Tobacco and its alkaloids have long ceased to have any therapeutic importance, but their extensive use as insecticides and the demand for nicotine for the manufacture of nicotinic acid have stimulated interest in processes of extraction and methods of estimation. On the latter subject there is a voluminous literature, of which critical resumes have been published by various authors.Recent work on this subject has been specially concerned with (1) the development of miero- and semi-miero-methods suitable for estimating nieotine in tobacco smoke and the distribution of nieotine on sprayed garden produce, in treated soils and in tobaeeo leaves,(2) the study of conditions necessary to ensure satisfactory results in using particular processes, " and (3) methods of separation and estimation of nicotine, nomicotine and anabasine in mixtures of these bases. ) In the United States and in Russia considerable interest is being shown in the cultivation of types of tobacco rich in nicotine, in finding new industrial uses for tobacco and its alkaloids, and in possible by-products from tobacco plants such as citric and malic acids, i " Surveys of information on tobacco alkaloids have been published by Jackson, i Marion and Spath and Kuffner. ... 

Dowd P.F. Lagrimini L.M. (2006) Examination of the biological effects of high anionic peroxidases production in tobacco plants grown imder field conditions. 1. Insect pest damage. / / Transgenic Research. V. 15. P. 197-204. 

Fujiyama K. Takemura H. Shinmyo A. Okada H. Takano M. (1990) Growth-stimulation of tobacco plant introduced the horseradish peroxidase gene prxCla / / Gene. V. 89. P. 163-169. 

Yan J. Wang J. Tissue D. Holaday A. S. Allen R. Zhang H. (2003) Protection of photosynthesis and seed production under water-deficit conditions in transgenic tobacco plants that over-express Arabidopsis ascorbate peroxidase // Grop Sci. V. 43. P. 1477-483. 

Fraser, R.S.S. (1982). Are pathogenesis-related proteins involved in acquired systemic resistance of tobacco plants to tobacco mosaic virus Journal of General Virology, 58, 305-13. 

Success in regenerating salt-resistant plants from salt-resistant cells has been limited (Table 4). The most extensively quoted example is the work of Nabors et al. (1980) who found that tobacco plants regenerated from NaCl-resistant cell lines survived salinity better than did plants regenerated from unselected lines. The authors themselves were justifiably cautious. 

Nabors, M.W., Gibbs, S.E., Bernstein, C.S. Meis, M.M. (1980). NaCl-tolerant tobacco plants from cultured cells. Zeitschrift fur Pflanzenphysiologie, 97,13-17. 

Nicotine is a component of Nicotiana tabacum, the tobacco plant. It is toxic to many insects because of its action upon the nicotinic receptor of acetyl choline. It has served as a model for a new range of insecticides, the neonicotinoids, which also act upon the nicotinic receptor (Salgado 1999). 

Busch, M., Seuter, A., and Hain, R., Functional analysis of the early steps of carotenoid biosynthesis in tobacco. Plant Physiol. 128, 439, 2002. 

Cell wall properties of transgenic tobacco plants that express a yeast derived acid invertase in their vacuole... 

Mammalian cytochrome P450 2E1 was introduced into tobacco plants that were exposed to trichloroethene in hydroponic medium for 5 d. Trichloroethene epoxide was produced initially, and was rearranged to trichloroacetaldehyde, which was then reduced to trichloro-ethanol. This was found in samples of leaves, stems, and roots, but was absent in the control plants. Trichloroethanol was subsequently transported to the leaves where it was apparently metabolized (Doty et al. 2000). 

M. Lancien, S. Ferrario-Mery, Y. Eoux, E. Bismuth, C. Ma.sclaux, B. Hirel, P. Gadal, and M. Hodges, Simultaneous expression of NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase and other Krebs cycle genes after nitrate resupply to short-term nitrogen starved tobacco. Plant Physiol. 120 1X1 (1999). 

Edgar Jim Murray in Cambridge has done some interesting work with D cyclins in plants. By overexpressing one of the D cyclins they got tobacco plants that grew quite a bit faster but ended up the same size. The rate of proliferation was altered, but the final size was not. 

Completely different mechanisms are involved in the self-assembly of the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). This virus consists of single-strand RNA, which is surrounded by 2,130 identical protein units, each of which consists of 158 amino acid residues. A virus particle, which requires the tobacco plant as a host, has a rodlike structure with helical symmetry ( Stanley needles ). It is 300 nm long, with a diameter of 18nm. The protein and RNA fractions can be separated, and the viral... 

Some heavy metal-tolerant bacterial strains and their sorption capacities for Cu and Cd are listed in Table 1. These bacteria show great potential for remediating soils that are contaminated with toxic metals. Our pot culture experiments showed that the growth of tobacco plants in a Cd-polluted Yellow Brown Soil (Alfisol) was significantly promoted by inoculating the soil with P. Putida in comparison with the non-inoculated soil (Fig. 2). 

As discussed above, Rubisco levels have been reduced by expressing antisense RNA in transgenic tobacco plants [26]. Plants expressing antisense rbcS RNA showed reduced levels of rbcS mRNA, normal levels of rbcL mRNA, and coordinately reduced levels of LSU and SSU proteins. 

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